Scotland’s Jacobite Rebellion Key Dates and Figures

The Jacobite Rebellions were a series of uprisings aimed at restoring James VII of the House of Stuart and his successors to the throne of Great Britain during the 17th and 18th centuries. The rebellions commenced when James VII fled England, and the Dutch Protestant William of Orange and Mary II assumed the monarchy. The Jacobites supported James’ claim to the throne, though over the decades, failed economic pursuits, aggressive taxation, religious conflicts, and a general desire for independence created a sense of resentment toward the English monarchy, and the Jacobite cause became an outlet for this resentment.   Fast Facts: Jacobite Rebellions Short Description: The Jacobite Rebellions were a series of 17th and 18th century uprisings in Scotland intended to restore the Catholic James VII and his heirs to the throne of Great Britain.  Key Players/Participants: James VII of Scotland and II of England and his heirs; William of Orange and Mary II of England; George I of Great BritainEvent Start Date: January 22, 1689  Event End Date: April 16, 1746  Location: Scotland and England Contemporary reiterations of the Jacobite rebellions often mix fact with fiction, pitting Catholic Scottish Highlanders against Protestant English soldiers, when in a reality, the Hanoverian army that defeated the Jacobites at Culloden was made up of more Scots than English. The Jacobite Rebellions were a series of complicated socio-political events across Great Britain* and Europe, culminating in a permanent shift in governance and the end of the Highland way of life. What Is a Jacobite? The term Jacobite comes from the Latin form of the name James, the Stuart king to whom the Jacobites pledged their loyalty. James VII, a Catholic, took the throne of Great Britain in 1685, alarming the English parliament, which feared a renewed Catholic monarchy. A few months after the birth of James VII’s heir, William of Orange and Mary II, supported by the English parliament, arrived in London to seize the throne. James VII fled London, which the English parliament declared as a forfeiture of power. Vowing to uphold Protestantism, William and Mary became joint monarchs of Great Britain. Key Figures James VII of Scotland II of England: King of Great Britain from 1685 until 1689 and the man for whom the Jacobite cause was named.William of Orange: King of Great Britain from 1689 until his death in 1702.  Mary II:   Oldest daughter of James VII and Queen of England from 1689 until her death in 1694. Mary II served as a joint monarch alongside her husband, William of Orange, after her father fled to Italy. First Jacobite Rising (1689) The first Jacobite rebellion began in May 1689, four months after James VII was deposed, when the Jacobite army, comprised mostly of Scottish Highlanders, took control of the town of Perth, a victory that fueled the Jacobite movement. Though the Jacobites saw several early victories, they were unable to capture Dunkeld, a discouraging loss. In May 1690, government soldiers attacked a Jacobite encampment during the night, killing 300 men. After the attack, Fort William—renamed to honor the Dutch king—was expanded, increasing the presence of government soldiers in the Highlands. Two months later, William’s forces destroyed James VII’s incoming fleet at the Battle of the Boyne off the coast of Ireland. James VII returned to France, ending the first Jacobite Rebellion. Key Dates and Events May 10, 1689: The newly raised Jacobite army descends onto the city of Perth, jump-starting the first Jacobite Rebellion.August 21, 1689: Jacobite forces are unable to take the city of Dunkeld, a defeat that disheartened and disbanded the Jacobites. Small groups of loyal Jacobites remained scattered throughout the Highlands.  May 1, 1690: Government soldiers lead a surprise attack on a Jacobite encampment, killing 300 men, a devastating loss for the Jacobites.July 1, 1690: William of Orange defeats James VII at the Battle of the Boyne, sending James back to France and ending the First Jacobite Rising.  Ã‚   Second Jacobite Rising (1690 – 1715) During the 1690s, poor weather conditions led to continued failed harvest, and economic growth in Scotland remained stagnant. William was increasingly unpopular, particularly in the Highlands after the Glencoe Massacre in 1692. His successor, Anne, prioritized the preservation of England against foreign adversaries over the interests of the Scots, doing little to quell dissent in the Highlands. Anne died in 1714, passing the crown to a foreign king, George I. Key Figures Anne, Queen of Great Britain: Monarch of Great Britain from 1702 until her death in 1714. Anne outlived all of her children, leaving her without an heir.  Ã‚  George I: First Hanoverian monarch of Great Britain who ruled from 1714 to 1727; Anne’s second cousin.  James Francis Edward Stuart: Son of James VII, heir to the throne of Great Britain. James became known as the â€Å"Old Pretender† and the â€Å"King across the Water.†Ã‚   Rallied by the transition of governance, the Jacobite standard was raised, and James Francis, son of James VII, called on Louis XIV of France, to supply an army to the cause. Louis’ death in 1715 stifled French support for the Jacobites, and the army was forced to contend with Hanoverian government forces alone, with James stuck in France.   Hanoverian soldiers clashed with the Jacobites on November 13, 1715. The battle was considered a draw, but a Jacobite retreat turned it into a Hanoverian victory, ending the second Jacobite Rebellion.   Key Dates and Events February 1692: The Massacre of Glencoe; as punishment for refusing to declare loyalty to the Protestant king, William’s government slaughters the McDonalds of Glencoe, creating a martyr for the Jacobite cause.  Ã‚  June 1701: The Act of Settlement passes, preventing any Roman Catholic from assuming the monarchy.September 1701: James VII dies, leaving James Francis as the claimant to the throne.March 1702: William dies, passing the crown to Queen Anne.  July 1706: The Treaty of Union passes, dissolving the Scottish parliament.  August 1714: Queen Anne dies, and George I becomes king.  September 1715: The Jacobite standard is raised, pending the arrival of James and a French army.November 1715: The Battle of Sheriffmuir; the battle ends in a draw, but a Jacobite retreat converts the battle into a government victory and ends the Second Jacobite Rebellion.  December 1715: James arrives in Scotland. He spends two months in Scotland before returning, defeated, to France.  Ã‚   Third Jacobite Rising (1716-1719) Spain instigated the third Jacobite Rebellion, knowing a domestic crisis would draw English attention from the European continent, allowing Spain to reclaim territory lost during the War of Spanish Succession. An ally in Scotland would also link Spain with the Swedish fleet in the North Sea, so King Philip V of Spain invited James to collect a fleet of ships and sail for Scotland from Spain’s northern coast. Nearly 5.000 Spanish soldiers left to fight for James, but the fleet was devastated by a storm in the Bay of Biscay. The surviving 300 Spanish soldiers joined a force of 700 Jacobites, but the army was destroyed by government forces at the Battle of Glenshiel.   James returned to Italy to marry Maria Clementina Sobieska, a wealthy Polish princess. On December 31, 1720, Maria gave birth to the Charles Edward Stuart.   Key Dates and Events June 1719: The Spanish-Jacobite military force seizes Eileen Donan Castle in the western Highlands.  September 1719: Hanoverian forces retake Eileen Donan Castle, forcing the Spanish to surrender and the Jacobites to retreat, ending the 1719 rising. Maria Clementina Sobieska marries James.  December 1720: Maria Clementina gives birth to Charles Edward Stuart, heir apparent and claimant to the throne of Great Britain. Final Jacobite Rising 1720-1745 According to legend, the fourth and final Jacobite Rebellion, known as the Forty-Five, started with an ear. Richard Jenkins, a ship captain from Glasgow, claimed to have had his ear cut off by the Spanish while trading in the Caribbean, a violation of the agreement between Great Britain and Spain. Great Britain declared war on Spain, starting the War of Jenkins Ear. At the same time, the War of Austrian Succession erupted across Europe, consuming peripheral conflicts, including the War of Jenkins Ear. Louis XV of France attempted to distract the British with a Jacobite rising in Scotland, led by the 23-year-old Charles Edward Stuart.   Key Figures Charles Edward Stuart: Son of James Francis, heir apparent and claimant to the throne of Great Britain; also known as the Young Pretender and the Bonnie Prince Charlie.William, Duke of Cumberland: Youngest son of King George II; also known as Butcher Cumberland. He led government forces in the victory over the Jacobites at the Battle of Culloden. After a storm destroyed Charles’ French fleet, Louis XV revoked support for the Jacobite cause. Charles pawned the famed Sobieska Rubies to pay for two ships, though one was decommissioned by a British warship immediately after departing for Scotland. Undeterred, Charles and the single remaining ship arrived in Scotland, raising the Jacobite standard. The army, made up mostly of impoverished Scottish and Irish farmers, spent the autumn collecting victories, seizing Edinburgh in September 1745. After taking Edinburgh, Charles’ counsel advised that he stay in Scotland while the Hanoverian army continued the war in Europe, but Charles marched on, intent on taking London. The Jacobites reached Derby before the Hanoverians descended, forcing a retreat. With the government army led by the Duke of Cumberland not far behind, the Jacobites marched north toward Inverness, the capital of the Highlands and the most important Jacobite stronghold. On April 16, 1746, after a failed surprise attack against Cumberland’s army, Charles ordered the exhausted Jacobites troops into the middle of Culloden Moor, where they faced a force nearly twice the size of their own. In less than an hour, the entire Jacobite force was butchered, and Charles fled the battle in tears before it had ended.   Key Dates and Events October 1739: Britain declares war on Spain, igniting the War of Jenkins Ear.December 1740: War of Austrian Succession absorbs peripheral conflicts, including the War of Jenkins Ear, and the European continent plunged into battle. Great Britain supports Austria, while Spain, Prussia, and France band together.  June 1743: Louis XV pledges support for the Jacobite cause.  December 1743: James names Charles â€Å"Prince Regent,† tasking the Young Pretender with the Jacobite cause.  February 1744: A storm sinks most of Charles’ French fleet, and Louis XV revokes his support for the Jacobites.  June 1745: Charles leaves France, armed with two ships and 700 soldiers. A waiting English warship badly damages one of these ships, forcing it to retreat, but the Bonnie Prince continues on.  July 1745: Charles arrives in Scotland.August 1745: The Glenfinnan Standard is raised for the Bonnie Prince at Loch Shiel.  September 1745: The Jacobites capture Edinburgh and march toward London.  December 1745: With three different Hanoverian forces closing in on troops in Derby, just north of London, the Jacobites retreat toward Scotland, much to the chagrin of Charles.  January 1746: The Jacobites win their final victory against government forces in Falkirk before withdrawing to Inverness, the most important Jacobite stronghold.  April 1746: The exhausted Jacobites lose a bloody battle on Culloden Muir, ending the Jacobite Rebellion permanently. Charles flees before the battle is finished.   Aftermath To ensure another rising would never occur, the Duke of Cumberland dispatched soldiers across the Highlands to find, imprison, and execute any suspected Jacobites. In London, Parliament passed the Disarming Act of 1746, banning the tartan, bagpipes, and the Gaelic language, destroying the Highlander way of life. The Hanoverian government implemented a system of forfeiture, confiscating private lands of suspected Jacobites and repurposing them for agriculture. This system, which became known as the Highland Clearances, lasted for nearly a century. A few months after the defeat at Culloden, Charles fled the country disguised as a woman. He died in Rome in 1788. *This article uses the term â€Å"Great Britain† to identify the regions of Ireland, Scotland, England, and Wales.   Sources Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Jacobites. National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, UK.  Highland and Jacobite Collection. Inverness Museum and Art Gallery, Inverness, UK.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jacobites.†Ã‚  A History of Scotland, by Neil Oliver, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2009, pp. 288–322.Richards, Eric.  The Highland Clearances: People, Landlords and Rural Turmoil. Birlinn, 2016.Sinclair, Charles.  A Wee Guide to the Jacobites. Goblinshead, 1998.â€Å"The Jacobite Risings and the Highlands.†Ã‚  A Short History of Scotland, by R.L. Mackie, Oliver and Boyd, 1962, pp. 233–256.The Jacobites. West Highland Museum, Fort William, UK.  Visitor’s Centre Museum. Culloden Battlefield, Inverness, UK.

Cultural Adaptations Of Nursing Care - 1951 Words

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Oscar Wao Domincan Irony Free Essays

Question: The Gangster, unlike many of the men in the book, is friendly, and treats Beli like a woman. However, his action creates an irony in the book. Explain. We will write a custom essay sample on Oscar Wao: Domincan Irony or any similar topic only for you Order Now Answer: Many of the man in the book have been rude toward the girls in the book. They thought that their action is the right thing to do, since they have the Dominican Pride. All they really cared about was their appearance as a muchacha figure, and did not care for the girls’ feeling or needs. When â€Å"gangster† steps in after Beli had a rough time with Jack who used her as nothing but as a toy; Beli starts to feel a feeling of love. Gangster treats her differently, buying her gifts, treating her to nice restaurants, and taking her out to places. He even opens his heart up and tells her, about the hardship and torment he is going through. Due to his actions, she realizes she loves him, since no man has ever appreciated her or opened up so much before in her life. His actions create an irony; and the actions differ from everything we have encountered about the Dominican Culture so far. However, the real irony kicks in as Beli realizes that gangster has a habit of disappearing for days or weeks on end without notice. When he comes back, she persists about where he has been, and about their marriage, however, gangster does not give her any answers back. When Gangster takes Beli out for a trip, to relax, Beli is extremely happy. During the trip, gangster tells Beli that he wants to be free, creating an ironic moment as he goes back and forth between a gentleman, and a muchacha. However, when she returns home she realizes that she is pregnant, and the reader anticipates for the dramatic irony that will be created, as soon as gangster makes his decision about sticking with being a gentleman and staying with Beli, or leave her and the baby, like the other Dominican men. How to cite Oscar Wao: Domincan Irony, Papers

Student Should Not Take Part in Politics free essay sample

Should students take part in politics? This is a very crucial question that stands posed before the student community of our country the very word ‘students gapes the scope of their activities. A student is one which studies and study he should all and everything. He should keep himself abreast of all knowledge, of all aspects of national and international problems. He should know what is happening where and why. Be the American scene, or the Russian action, or the Pakistan Coup or the World Trade Fair or the Olympics to be held in Sydney or for that matter anything that happens within the country or without, must interest young student. He would be really justifying his time and energy in gaining more and more knowledge from more and more sources. He should know all about politics too, what politics is, what the political parties within the country are planning and doing. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Should Not Take Part in Politics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They have every right to form their own opinion and their impressions, even to discuss or debate on them in their seminars, symposia or mock-parliaments. But the moment they think of entering active politics they lose the aim and purpose of their career and suffer a diversion and a distraction which can mar their objectives. The aim of education is to give a student adequate knowledge and to equip him intellectually and morally of face the challenges of life. The game of politics, as in our country or for that matter in any country has its own rough and tumble. Ethical and moral considerations take a backseat in this game and the personality of a man at all moments remains charged with manipulative motives and dubious designs. There is a constant craze for grabbing power by whatever means possible — foul or fair. Students have not entered the portals of a University or a College to play such a game. This is the time for them to learn as much as they can and raise their intellectual level. Political activity would blunt this desire of theirs and would snatch away from them that precious time which they have at their disposal. At least, so far as our country is concerned, political parties are ready to spread out their nets to catch the youth as they are youthful and energetic. For arranging rallies or even for enlarging the scope of their influence they can even mate students the tool in organising strikes and ‘bandhs’ — even agitations and strikes in their institutions. Students have to guard themselves against being made tools in this manner. This premature activity on their part can jeopardise the basic object for which they have come to an educational institution. Those interested in bringing the student power in active politics can argue that the age for exercising franchise has been reduced to eighteen years only to give the young to play their active role. Let them vote, let them exercise the right vested in them, but let them stay away for some years more from the lust of power and let them mature themselves to carry the torch. Even the student unions in educational institutions and their elections are ridden with politics and the political parties and support candidates to create a base for themselves. All this is playing with fire, and is the undoing far vibrant generation. Those who are so maneuvering would realise and understand that these young men and women are also sons and daughters of some radians are spending their hard earned money to make their children gain maturity and responsibility. Let them not be misled to waste that money and that energy that these young men can fruitfully employ in making themselves ‘students’ in the real sense of the word. Let these young men and women learn the lessons of discipline, devotion and dedication with the singleness of purpose — for thereafter the whole span of life lies before them. Let them become the disciplined leaders of a disciplined nation at the proper time.

Pizza! the Best Party Food. free essay sample

The pizzas here everybody. What do you mostly always eat when there is a party? What do you expect to eat at a party? Thats right! Its pizza. A party without pizza is like a store without anything to sell. Some reasons that it is the best party food is that everybody eats it and is easy to get. Another reason is that everyone loves It. So why not get pizza the next time you decide to throw a party. First of all, lactose intolerant people aside, who doesnt love when the pizza guy rives at the door with, boxes of that deliciousness.Also It Is the easiest thing to get for a party Is pizza. Its so hard to cook for anywhere from 50-100 people. That would take hours of work and make the house smell bad. Why not Just spend 60 dollars and get about seven whole boxes of Pizza Hut, Dominos, Digestions, or anything else. We will write a custom essay sample on Pizza! the Best Party Food. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its saves so much time and the trouble of cooking. Also who knows If they will honestly even Like the food you cook. When getting pizza you know everybody will eat It because the hosts of parties know people love pizza. Do you want to be remembered as a good host or party thrower?Then go buy pizza. You will probably spend that much on whatever you are cooking any way. So take the easy way out, and also the smart way. Next, everyone enjoys pizza, name one person that just doesnt enjoy pizza. The perfect blend of cheese, tomato, and bread gets everyones mouths watering. Everyone just cant resist from taking a slice. On the other hand it also tastes very good with drinks such as sodas. You can have all the wings and breadfruits you want UT no matter what it wont be a party without pizza.If I ever met someone who doesnt like pizza I would interrogate him with questions. Did you ever even try it? Are you crazy? Whats wrong with you? What planet have you come from? Good thing have never met anyone like that. Pizza is also rated the peoples most favorite food worldwide. So at a party you know its pretty demanding. If people dont get pizza then it will make the guests unhappy and unsatisfied in their stomach. Overall there is no way around it. Pizza is the king of the party. It is the stomach filler.It is the most essential ingredient to making a successful party. Ding! Dong! The pizzas here everybody. What do you mostly always eat when there loves it. So why not get pizza the next time you decide to throw a party. First of all, lactose intolerant people aside, who doesnt love when the pizza guy arrives at the door with, boxes of that deliciousness. Also it is the easiest thing to get for a party is pizza. Its so hard to cook for anywhere from 50-100 people. That would get about seven whole boxes of Pizza Hut, Dominos, Digestions, or anything else.Its eaves so much time and the trouble of cooking. Also who knows if they will honestly even like the food you cook. When getting pizza you know everybody will eat it Next, everyone enjoys pizza, name one person that Just doesnt enjoy pizza. The Everyone Just cant resist from taking a slice. On the other hand it also tastes very but no matter what it wont be a party without pizza. If I ever met someone who doesnt like pizza I would interrogate him with questions. Did you ever even try it? Are you crazy? Whats wrong with you? What planet have you come from?

Examples of a Personal Statement for Your Success!

Examples of a Personal Statement for Your Success! Personal Statement as a Step towards Your Future Probably you have already met the term ‘personal statement’, when reading college requirements for an application form. Together with a statement of purpose, it is a compulsory part of your application, which makes it very important and should be taken seriously. We understand how tempted students are to complete the form as soon as possible, but it is important to focus on every stage, avoiding the most common mistakes, which students do day after day. Once you understand what to write about, it will be much easier to write your personal statement. Definition of a personal statement Personal statement greatly differs from other papers you need to submit when entering a college. That is why it may greatly puzzle you at first, even if you are an experienced student. Personal statement is a paper, where you need to explain why you can become a valuable member of the college’s community and to tell about your personality. Personal statement also has other names, which include a personal essay, admission essay, reflective essay and sometimes even a narrative essay. Despite the chosen term, your main goal is to describe your potential, goals, hopes and dreams, which make you the best candidate for the chosen college. When you work on a personal statement, you need to prove that your values, academic background and non-educational aspects impact your academic success. There are no common rules for a personal statement, so you can show your creativity and ideas when working on the paper. However, you should always stick to the rules and requirements, provided by the college or university. College statement types When it comes to writing, you won’t find a single form for all types of assignments. Personal statement is not an exception and has two main types to offer: Comprehensive/ general personal statement. It gives the applicant maximum freedom concerning the things you are willing to discuss. It is also called an open-topic essay and doesn’t have any requirements other than formatting peculiarities, indicated by the college. Basically, through this type of a personal statement you need to represent yourself in the best way; Answer on a certain question. When you are asked to deliver such type of a personal statement, you will also be given a question to answer. It will reflect your skills, knowledge, experience, future plans, etc. In addition, personal statements can be divided into college, undergraduate and programs ones. Personal statement for college Such personal statements are usually delivered through an essay. This admission essay type is more complicated and advanced. In most of the cases, you will have to answer a certain question, because a graduate should already possess independent thinking and have an opinion on the most complicated issues. By the time you graduate, you are expected to think critically and have life experience. This means that you possess a clear understanding of what you are willing to study and how a particular program can help you in achieving your goals. Don’t forget that most programs provide financial assistance if a student returns to the institution for researching or teaching. This explains why most personal statements of graduates contain interests of the applicant in a professional and academic field, rather in a personal one. Undergraduate personal statement When undergraduate students are asked to write application essays they usually need to deliver general statements. This means that you can write about anything and pick a topic, which will reflect your personality and motivation in the best light. So why undergraduate students usually write open-topic essays and not an answer to a specific question? The reason is simple: high school graduates still lack experience and don’t have a clear picture of what they want to do after college. They are open to new skills and knowledge, so giving a response on a particular topic may not be the most suitable option. For an undergraduate personal statement, the best option will be to show how the student is exploring own personality and the world around. Students need to describe what makes them passionate, how they interact with others and whether they are willing to contribute to society. Personal statement writing Every day thousands of thoughts run through our minds, but when it comes to writing we can feel a lack of ideas and inspiration. Everything becomes even more complicated when you know that your future college admission depends on the quality of your writing. However, you shouldn’t feel desperate, because there are tips and advice, which will make it much easier to write a personal statement even if you are out of ideas! Personal statement is not a regular high school or college assignment, which you complete just to get a grade and move on. It requires lots of devotion, analysis and critical thinking. You need to understand your own dreams, hopes, passions and background in order to deliver a great essay. To simplify the process just follow our guidelines: Take enough time to understand what information you want to render or how to give an answer to the required question; Start working on the first draft without thinking about possible mistakes and length of the essay. Just write down everything that comes to your mind; Don’t be in a hurry. Make sure you have enough time to complete every stage step-by-step without a necessity to write your personal statement in a day; Make sure you have a dictionary nearby. It will help you to choose the most proper words and show how good your vocabulary skills are; Always concentrate on your strong sides but provide clear examples instead of simply talking about how good you are; Never compare your statement to those of others. Every student has own perception of the world, experience and skills; Read the statement aloud to detect its weak points. Personal statement structure It is not a secret that at least half of your statement’s success lays in proper formatting. That is why you need to follow the common outline really carefully. Brief introduction You should always start your admission essay with an introduction, which gives brief information about your motivations and interests. Introduction is a paragraph, which aims to catch the attention of readers, motivate them to learn more about your personality. In a personal statement, introduction acts as a hook. Achievements and academic interests It doesn’t matter whether you are an undergraduate or a graduate: you already have an academic experience to share. Always focus on facts without exaggerating anything. Write about your achievements, interests and plans for your future education and career. If you are a graduate student, you can briefly describe interesting classes you have taken and professors you have had. Background experience If you are asked to write an essay on a free topic, you should devote a paragraph to your background experience, which had a solid impact on your education and life. However, it shouldn’t be related to your school or college life. Out-of-class activities You may think that this section is about your hobbies, but actually it must focus on activities, which are still associated with the chosen field. You can include information about your volunteering projects, activities outside of school and other fields, which contributed to choosing a particular program or college. Publications and other accomplishments In case you have any publications, here is a section to mention them. However, this paragraph is mostly created for graduates, who already have researched to discuss. Why you have chosen a particular program or college It is always a good idea to tell the board why you decided to stop your search on the particular program and college if you didn’t add such information to the introductory section. Conclusion Finish your statement with a paragraph, which summarizes your strong sides and explains why you are a perfect fit for the chosen college or program. Your conclusion should be strong and make a great impression on the committee! What makes a great personal statement Now, when you know the key requirements to the format and content of your personal statement, it is the right time to get familiar with general tips: Remain natural and enthusiastic, remembering about your personal style; Make sure your humor is appropriate. The board may not have a similar sense of humor, so you may only harm yourself; Decide what message you are willing to render and work on it; Always include examples; Try not to be general; If possible, avoid controversial subjects and comments, because you don’t know who will be reading your statement; Once your first draft is ready, you need to proofread and edit it to make sure it meets all of the requirements and the necessary word count. Elements of a personal statement If you want your statement to grab the attention of the committee, it should contain the following elements: Explanation of why you are willing to take the chosen course; Evidence, which demonstrates that you meet all of the necessary criteria and have researched the profession and course; Details on how you have grown your interest in a subject outside the class; Explanation why you have chosen their college to continue education; Tell about your experience, explaining what you have learned and how it helped to grow your interest in the chosen field; Demonstration of transferable skills; Acknowledgment of your critical thinking; Brief enumeration of your goals. Apart from knowing what to include to your personal statement, don’t forget about the things you shouldn’t do: Never copy-paste parts of your older personal statements; Don’t include irrelevant data or too personal details; Avoid clichà ©s; Meaningless lists; Complicated expressions; Negative excuses and comments; Claims without any proofs. Examples of a personal statement Success of your personal statement always depends on a careful topic selection and in lots of practice. The more time you devote to writing such an essay, the simpler it will be for you to write your personal statement in future. Below you will find examples of statements for graduate and undergraduate levels. Examples of college personal statements topics Why are you willing to enter a graduate program? How it interlinks with your career aspirations? What are your admission qualifications? Picture your career in a five years time; What events or experiences grew your interest in the chosen program? The biggest professional challenges you are facing at the moment and how the chosen program can help in overcoming them? Sample #1 When we see a teenager, carrying a journal we usually think that he or she has things to hide. For me, a journal means much more and helps to put all of the emotions into words. I remember one day at school when I experienced hundreds of emotions at once. In a moment I was bored and then angry, filled with hopes and despair at the same time. That is when I decided to start a journal. For less than an hour, I wrote five poems. I read them carefully over and over again and felt proud that I was able to turn negative emotions into creativity. Starting from that day I carried my journal with me anywhere I went. It gave me a feeling of security and peace, and I knew that even if I didn’t have the inspiration to write, I could reread my stories and poems. In some way my journal helped me to overcome emotions and curb them. However, any time I took it out, my classmates were trying to see what was inside. At first, I was hiding the journal in my bag, but as I grew more confident, I started offering them to read my poems or write their own if they wanted to. I changed my thoughts about owning such a journal, when I saw how much happier people became, when I was giving them my journal. Very soon my book became a common possession and contained emotions of different people. My classmates trusted me and expressed themselves through poems, songs, drawings and stories. Many of them were so inspired that decided to start their own journals. That is when I realized that owning a journal could have a therapeutic effect. Having that book gave me a feeling that I was capable of everything, I could achieve anything I wanted to and that made me feel great! Journalism  had a great influence on my life, so I want to major Media and Communication to make my own thoughts and thoughts of people to be heard worldwide. I am ready to be the person, who transmits others’ emotions, shares them with the society and helps to transform negativism into something bright and positive. That is why I love journalism  so much! Any time I feel like there are too many emotions and thoughts in my head, I put them on paper and express myself in any way I want. I never thought that such a simple experience may change my whole life. For some people, journalism  can be a clichà ©, but for me, it is a whole new world, which helps me to remain focused, sane and open to the world. Examples of undergraduate personal statements topics Tell about the event or achievement that lead to your personal growth and understanding of your personality; Discuss the time, when you had to face a certain challenge. What impact it had on you and what lessons you have learned from it? Tell about a problem you are solving or would want to solve; Who inspires you the most? What things do you want to achieve in life? Example #2 We are living in the times when media and internet have occupied firm positions in every person’s life. It will be fair to say that the media has the most solid impact on society. Education is very important because it helps us to share personal views on various things and helps us get ready for the future carrier. I want to combine both education and media because I dream of becoming a journalist. While media is powerful and has a positive impact on millions of people, there are also many dishonest journalists, who only care about how many clicks their reports and posts will gain. That is why I want to contribute to society and use Internet platforms to give people information on important problems and issues. Even though I don’t have many years of experience working as a journalist, I still have a solid education with knowledge on how to build my future career. During my high school years I have been working as an editor of the website and school paper. I reported on the latest events and covered problems of students, stirring debates and discussions. Due to my work ethics and aspirations, I always meet deadlines and move myself forward to learn more about every topic. I want to become part of the program for many reasons. A thorough research made me realize that your program is perfect for achieving all of my aspirations in the chosen field. With its help I will greatly improve my writing skills, sharpen my knowledge and grow on both professional and a personal level. Professional assistance Once you have written a personal statement you may think that it is time to breathe out. However, if you want to be accepted, you can’t deliver your paper without editing it. Unfortunately, we are not objective when it comes to evaluating our own works. We see the paper as we imagine it, not as it really is. That is when our editors and proofreaders can be of great help! Our professional specialists have many years of experience and can improve your paper with ease. They will polish your personal statement and give valuable tips on how to achieve the best results. In case you don’t have enough time to write your personal statement or want to entrust it to professionals, you can contact us or leave a request through the order form. Writing a personal statement will improve the following aspects: Your writing skills; Chances of being accepted; Spelling; Grammar; Formatting; Your tranquility.

Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings with Different Dissertation

Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings with Different Ductility Classes Using EC8 and EC2 - Dissertation Example The paper tells that over the years gradually there have been greater advancements in the various concrete structures and measures that can be applied for the construction of buildings. In the present times, thus, the strength theory is significantly considered in building constructions. Load factors have been found to be necessary for the determination of the concrete structures used for the construction purposes. The strength theory focuses on the ultimate strength design that makes use of inelastic strains thus distributing the stress of loads uniformly. The concept of reinforced concrete was first initiated in Japan during the 1950s. However in the initial times, the use of the RC buildings was not considered as significant, a situation that has modified in the present times. Considering natural calamities like the earthquake, it is essential that the constructed buildings are based on such materials that are capable of resisting such calamities. Ductility or robustness of the co ncrete structures plays a significant role in this regard. However obtaining the necessary concrete structures might require the application of advanced technologies that at times may be difficult for developing countries to achieve. Reinforced concrete materials are easily available as well as they are economical in nature. Its characteristic stiffness provides efficient support to the constructed buildings in situations of earthquakes. Damages, to a great extent, can be reduced through such measures. (Dowrick, 2009, p.367). Structural Eurocodes represent the technical rules needed to be followed while selection and construction of buildings. There are a number of such Eurocodes of which Eurocode 2 is associated with the design of the concrete structures and Eurocode 8 is associated with the provisions of design for earthquake resistance of structures (Beckett & Alexandrou, 1997, p.2). These Eurocodes are essential for the determination of the ductility of the concrete structures t hus enabling the buildings to be tolerant to earthquakes, which is a primary concern of the current study. Thus a general overview on the RC constructions reflect that it is necessary to involve such concrete structures in building constructions for the safety and protection of the buildings from earthquakes that also depend on the ductility of the structure. 1.2. Aim & Objectives: The primary aim of the current study is to learn about the seismic response of reinforced concrete frame buildings with different ductility classes using EC8 and EC2, these being the two of several forms of Eurocodes involved in construction of buildings. In order to conduct the above mentioned study, the following objectives have been set such that a detailed analysis and understanding may be achieved. The objectives are: To learn about the behavior of RC structures under a seismic load To conduct a seismic analysis of the RC structures using methods like the Equivalent Static Method, and Response Spectr um Method To enhance the analysis involving case studies on 4-storey- 3-bay RC buildings with different levels of ductility To conduct a design check on the structural elements of the constructed buildings To make some recommendations while concluding after the study and analysis 1.3. Methodology: The study involves a qualitative research based on secondary sources. Qualitative research techniques do not involve any numerical figures for the study but focuses on a detailed understanding of the concerned topic based on experiences and opinions of different individuals (Creswell, 2003, p.18). Secondary sources are referred to the sources that are not novel but are derived from studies conducted earlier by different authors or experimenters (Hamilton, 2005, p.4). The present study has focuses on secondary sour

Restorative Justice Principles and Correctional Policies Essay

Restorative Justice Principles and Correctional Policies - Essay Example According to the report findings restorative justice principles are becoming used more often in schools - replacing simple expulsion as an attempt at conflict resolution. According to Carol Chmelynski, â€Å"Restorative practices in schools include peer mediation, classroom circles to resolve problems, and family group conferencing, all involving face-to-face resolution to address the multiple impacts of a student's offending behavior. Those most affected by it play an important role in resolving the incident.† This essay talks that efforts have also been made to incorporate this process into the criminal justice system for adult offenders. In a typical prison environment, offenses are merely punished with no attempt for the offender to understand how he has affected the victim. Although rehabilitation is a stated goal of the prison system, no serious efforts take place to actually accomplish that goal. Using restorative justice, prisoners are allowed to take full responsibility for their actions and improve their self esteem. By attempting to resolve issues calmly rather than allowing problems to escalate - or quietly fester - the offender is motivated towards future improvement. Obviously, the implementation of such policies would not be as practical - or even advisable - for the most serious crimes. It is doubtful that family members of a slain child, for example, would be willing to sit down calmly with the offender to discuss how he can accept responsibility for his actions and attempt to make restitution.

Contemporary Supply Chain Management and Consultancy Management Essay

Contemporary Supply Chain Management and Consultancy Management Techniques - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the ever-increasing competition especially in the global markets, that are characterized by the short life cycles of products, high quality of a product, cheap prices and short delivery times in order to satisfy consumers who are demanding, are most likely to strictly prevail. Firms should be always continuous in supplier development in order to ensure that the suppliers have similar capabilities and as well as same time, share same objectives and policies as theirs so as to compete in a competitive environment. The study was conducted by reviewing of various secondary sources. In today’s business climate that is competitive, firms are increasingly relying on their suppliers in delivering defect-free products, technologically advanced goods, in a cost-effective state and timely. However, often the suppliers may be devoid of the capability to perform sufficiently in these areas. If the goods or services that are offered by a supp lier is somehow deficient in some respect, the purchasing firm might face the decision of either to look for another source of supply or working with the suppliers that exist to remedy shortcomings. However, due to the uncertainty that concerns the locating of a better source, and the higher cost of looking for and evaluating of new suppliers, the buying firms might choose to continue to work with the present suppliers in order to improve the performances. In addition, in order to facilitate the innovation process and achieving the objectives of reducing cost and as well providing quality, companies focus on strengthening and differentiating their capabilities and brands. Therefore, branding management has increasingly become significant while a large section of the development processes and production are handed to the suppliers. For example, the Japanese manufacturers that are led by Toyota company, have displayed very close relationships with their suppliers, in a way that includ es exchanging information extensive and directing assistance to the suppliers.

A History of Art Movements and Styles

A History of Art Movements and Styles Neoclassism was an art and style developed during the late 1700s in the French revolution. It has various visual characteristics: It is solidly modeled using strong direct lights and darks to show form, the compositions are rational in that they are balanced and orderly, presence of strong acidic colors, there are no marks left by the artist since brush strokes are carefully controlled to hide individual strokes and it stresses virtues of classical civilizations of the Greeks and Romans such as discipline, athleticism, education, and moral principles, honesty and charity. Angular and sculptural shapes are normally assigned to males while soft and curvilinear forms depict women. Neoclassical themes are normally centered on classical stories heroic acts and virtues carried out by males who are depicted as gallant and stoic. Felinity in women, on the other hand, is depicted and confined to the domestic and private realm. Neoclassicism is therefore depicted as masculine whereby the male body depicts topical issues on politics, society and sexual attributes. The Neoclassic painting of the famous violinist Paganini by Ingres shows this form perfectly. Romanticism was an art style during the mid 1800s that was a resultant of the revolt against Neoclassicism. The major characteristics of Romanticism are: It attempts to display ideal beauty through dramatic scenes, individual marks of the artist can be viewed, it is a form of art that is based on feelings basically of love rather than thoughts hence gets the viewer to experience strong emotions and it is based on an exotic subject matter. In its theme, it is normally based on atmospheric landscapes with a nostalgic depiction of the past especially the Gothic with a bias towards the primitive such as traditional folk culture, cult of individual heroic figures who are often revolutionaries in art or politics, mysticism, the cult of sensibility that emphasizes on women and children, passion for romance and a fascination with death. The romantic painting of Paganini by Turner attempts to show the feeling of his music through the emotional qualities of the man and physical traits of the c omposer. Impressionism is an art movement or style that started in the mid 1800s in France. There are various characteristics of Impressionism such as: Asymmetrical balance whereby the plunging perspective, cropped forms and art work compositions are balanced asymmetrically; use of pure color whereby pure, prismatic colors fresh from the new tin tubes unmixed on the palette are laid directly on the canvas; use of Impasto or thick paint applied in thick raised strokes to create a roughened uneven texture; use of a high horizon line in order to create a plunging perspective; use of colored shadows and the use of broken color and broken brushstrokes. The theme expresses perceptions of nature by covering rural landscapes, maritime landscapes, pastoral landscapes, bucolic visions of nature and aquatic art. Neo-Impressionist paintings have gone further to entail urban scenes and joyous modern life in working class scenes. One of the famous pieces of art was Girl with a Hoop done by Pierre-Auguste R enoir in 1885. Surrealism is a form of art and a cultural movement that started in the 1920s which drew elements from both Cubism and Expressionism. Over the years, the members have produced great works in visual artworks and writings. There are various characteristics of this style which entail a blend of the depictive, the abstract, and the psychological. Some devices applied are levitation, changing of scale in an object, transparency and use of repetition in creating a typical art form. The juxtaposition of objects that would otherwise not be grouped together is also used in order to convey a certain message or show a metaphor. Most artworks have simple titles that simply state the subject matter for easy comprehensibility. The major theme is the ability of love to overcome reason which has been widely depicted by the French surrealist Desnoss in Deuil pour Deuil whereby the narrator is in a ruined desert city close to a river yet he insists on us. This illustrates a blind quest for love. Other themes covered are sexuality as depicted by Metamorphosis of Narcissus painted in 1937; artistic intention, chance and fatalism; relation between dream and reality and taboos. The basics of cubism can be seen in another art movement such as pointillism and fauvism. Cubism is the art form entailing creation of abstract shapes in three dimension on a two dimensional surface. Artists such as Pablo Picasso have popularized this art form. The artists attempt to show several views on multiple planes of a particular subject is the most distinguishable feature. Cubist art forms are also shallow in depth and perception. It preserves a warped two-dimensional look via a presentation of subjects that are broken up along geometric planes. Analytic Cubist art applies monochromatic color scheme while synthetic cubism adopts multiple color schemes. The most popular theme is still life as depicted by the Still Life with Open Window painting by Rue Ravignan in 1915. This is a work of art that depicts inanimate subject content, commonplace objects such as flowers and manmade objects such as jewellery. Religious and allegorical symbolism is attached to the art. Futurism is an art form that emerged in Italy under the Italian poet, Filippo Marinetti . There are various essential characteristics of futurism such as it includes irregular, agitated lines communicating the movements energy and images being displayed as if in perpetual motion. Futurism is based on a theme of violence, war, anarchy, technology and speed based on an urban background which is conveyed through the artworks energy. Paintings and sculptures glorify life and the changes in technology that transforms objects. Carrà  s Funeral of the Anarchist Galli displays police attacks and the riot aftermath in 1904 Italy. Broken panes and diagonals rendered energetically distinguish this art form. Post-Impressionism is a resultant art form as a widely felt reaction against impressionism. These paintings apply the bright Impressionist palette but create art in a formalized order and structure. Paint application technique applied enables the viewer to see the image from multiple angles. In the art work, one can easily see brushstrokes, the style used and the personal experience of the painter over fidelity, multiple viewing angles and the personal expressiveness of the painter. Paintings are based on realistic scenes of modern life which are displayed by visual effects rather than inclusion of details. This is particularly the case in Alfred Sisleys 1872 painting Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne. Realism is an art form that aims at faithfully representing reality and various aspects of actualities in life. It mainly represents the middle class without any prejudice, romance or idealism. It is characterized by a representation of reality in comprehensive detail with characters being of more importance than the action or plot. There is a complex relationship between characters, nature, social class and their past. The diction applied in the compositions is natural but poetic. This art form deals with ethical issues and choices in its themes. The socio-economic class conflict is addressed in these compositions as a major theme. The widening gaps between rich and poor are depicted by the characters used. Charles Dickens work on David Copperfield, the suffering of impoverished children who have to work in industries illustrates realism explicitly.

The Crystal Palace Essay -- essays papers

The Crystal Palace During the 1800’s Great Britain’s empire stretched around the world, and with raw materials easily available to them this way, they inevitably began refining and manufacturing all stages of many new machines and other goods, distributing locally and globally. However, despite being the central ‘workshop of the world,’ Britain was not producing the highest quality of merchandise. When comparing factory-made products made in England to surrounding countries, most notably France, those products could not compare as far as craftsmanship and sometimes, simply innovation. It was suggested by Prince Albert that England host a sort of free-for-all technological exposition to bring in outside crafts into the country and also show their national pride. These planners supported free trade, thinking that if local business was exposed to foreign-made goods, they could incorporate those new ideas into their own goods, increasing their worth. Though originally intending to invite only neighboring countries to this exposition, the plan soon escalated to include the global environment. As organization and sponsorship was planned out, the matter of where to host such a large and ongoing event arose. Ideally, it was to take place in London, to sort of show off the best of the country and impress in-coming visitors. The problem was that London was already built up and filled in, and little open space remained for the needed time period. It was decided soon that a portio...

Analysis Swot Tows and Financial Herman Miller

Financial Ratios and Analysis of Herman Miller Liquidity Ratios Liquidity ratios for a company help whomever is analyzing the data determine the company’s liquidity. When a company has good liquidity they are able to pay off their short term debt without having to take out any additional financing. We will look at Herman Miller’s current ratio for 2009 and 2010. The current ratio is calculated by taking the company’s current assets and dividing it by the current liabilities. It shows how many times the current assets can cover the current liabilities. 2009 current ratio | 2010 current ratio | 50. 9/282. 2= 1. 597| 394. 7/313= 1. 261| Herman miller’s current ratio in 2009 of 1. 597 shows they have approximately $1. 60 of current assets to ever $1. 00 in current liabilities. In 2010 they had $1. 26 of current assets to ever $1. 00 of current liabilities. This is a bit of a drop from 2009 to 2010. With the ideal point for the current ratio being above 1. 0; Herman Miller can cover their short term debt without any financing but, the ratio is still mediocre. Debt Management Ratios Debt management ratios show to what extent a company uses borrowed funds to finance its operations.These ratios are important to a company because creditors use them to determine the riskiness of the company’s financial position. Using the debt ratio we can determine how much of Herman Miller’s assets are provided through debt. The debt ratio is found by taking the company’s total debt and dividing it by the total assets of the company. Here is the debt ratio for 2009 and 2010 Debt Ratio 2009| Debt Ratio 2010| 759. 3/767. 3= . 99| 690. 5/770. 6= . 896| From the debt ratio we can tell that Herman Miller has nearly as much debt as assets in 2009. This could shy away some creditors.In 2010 they improved y about 10% which really helps their potential ability to gain more financing from creditors. With ideal ratio being below 1 Herman Miller is ok here but far from good. Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios are used to determine how profitable a company is during a specific period of time. These ratios are important because most investors will look at them when deciding whether or not to take stake in your company. High profitability shows that your company is strong financially, and, can also show that your company is growing. We will look at the return on assets ratio for Herman Miller.The ROA is found by taking the net income an d dividing it by the total assets of the company. The ROA shows how well a company can turn the money it has to invest into net income. Here is the Herman Miller’s ROA for 2009 and 2010 ROA 2009 | ROA 2010 | 68. 0/767. 3= 8. 86%| 28. 3/770. 6= 3. 67%| Herman Miller has pretty good ROA considering the industry they are in. according to statistics posted by Fortune 500 on money. cnn. com Herman miller was one of the few profitable companies in their industry with many of the top competitors losing money from 2007-2009. So looking at the industry this is a strong ROA. http://money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2009/industries/216/index. html)SWOT Analysis Strength The first strength we will talk about is that Herman Miller is a profitable organization. In the two years that we looked at (2009 & 2010) Herman Miller had a positive ROA. This shows that even during the harsh economic times in the United States over the last four years Herman Miller has managed to make a pro fit where a lot of their competition struggled. Another strength that Herman Miller has is its management. The best example of this being a strength is the fact that Herman Millers top executives are illing to take pay cuts before the general workforce in 2009 they took a 10% cut in January and another 10% in march when they cut all other employees 10%. Showing your workforce that you are willing to make the sacrifices to stay employed before they bottom of the totem pole makes the employees feel appreciated and more willing to go along with a pay cut when necessary. The third strength we recognized is that Herman Miller creates an empowered and positive workforce. Employees at Herman Miller feel empowered they have no problem telling a supervisor that they are breaking the rules and also feel like they can make some decisions.Empowering your workforce even just a little boosts morale and makes workers feel like they are important to the company. This in The last strength we will me ntion is Herman Miller’s production. Herman Miller implements the process of lean manufacturing. They call their process the â€Å"Herman Miller Performance System†. They maintain efficiencies and cost savings by minimizing the amount of inventory on hand by using â€Å"just in time† inventory process in the case they mention that some suppliers deliver to Herman Miller multiple times daily. Weaknesses The first weakness would be how close their debt ratio is to 1.Having such high debt ratio could chase away creditors. When you have a small amount of creditors to choose from then you lose the power to choose between different creditors depending on interest rates and other variables. This could greatly increase things like interest expense. Another weakness Herman Miller might have is also a strength. The manufacturing strategy and using just in time inventory can be very efficient but, it can sometimes create problems. If a supplier ran out of material or some other type of crisis could cause Herman Miller to lose out on orders and in relation lose out on sales.The third weakness is their participative management style. Although this could be considered a strength if this style isn’t used appropriately it could affect the company in a bad way. If managers take too much time making decisions because they want to have their employees participate in all decisions then it is extremely difficult to make the quick decision when needed. Sometimes in business managers need to make this quick decision and, with participative management if made fully participative some employees may feel different emotions about a decision being made without them knowing it was being made.The last weakness is they are in somewhat of a specialty market during a harsh economy. Being the manufacturer of high end office furniture during a recession is a big weakness when it comes to growth. Not many consumers are looking for high end products right now although they are still profitable with the strategy they have it could take a serious downturn if things were to get worse. Opportunities One opportunity that Herman Miller has is to become totally green. This means having next to no waste and using renewable resources.Herman miller has been working a little bit towards this in the past years. With the demand of environmentally friendly products on the rise this would open up the opportunity to break into and dominate a new market segment. Another opportunity is the increased amount of time spent by people in front of their computers. This is an opportunity because it opens up the idea of making ergonomically superior office furniture that would make the consumers time in front of their computer more comfortable and reduce the risk of injury. The third opportunity is the growth in the Mexican economy.With the Mexican economy rapidly growing this opens up a whole new country that Herman Miller could potentially do business in. the possibilit y of a whole new demographic of customers along with the possibility of opening a new location. The last opportunity Is the rising demand of senior housing in the United States. The baby boomers are getting older every year and with senior housing overflowing all over the US there will be more housing opening. These housing centers will need office furniture along with household furniture to furnish the units. Threats The first threat we will mention is the rise in telecommuting.With more and more people and business using telecommuting the demand for office furniture will see a hit. This could potentially hurt the sales for Herman Miller. Another threat is the possibility of new entrants in the market from overseas. Having international competitors enter the market can really hurt Herman Miller because of their ability to obtain low cost material while still creating a quality product. The third threat is the possibility of another economic downturn. With the economy on the downsid e right now Herman Miller is remaining profitable but would they be able to take an even harsher recession.The last threat is the shortage of skilled workers in the US. With skilled workers declining steadily in the US it is starting to effect manufacturing companies. Without skilled workers you have a higher turnover rate and longer training periods. This will boost up cost and will lose Herman Miller money in the long run.TOWS Analysis Strengths and Opportunities Herman Miller’s strength of an empowered good willed workforce could help them take advantage of the opportunity of the growing senior housing demand.With a workforce that is happy and willing to work they would have no problem taking on the extra hours and work needed to keep up with the added demand. Another strength that Herman Miller could use to take advantage of an opportunity is their production strategy would work well with the opportunity of a growing economy in Mexico. Using their production strategy and opening a new location in Mexico could help them benefit from the rapid growth of the Mexican economy. Strengths and Threats The strength of having empowered and good willed employees could help with the threat of declining skilled workers in the US.If the employees you get that are skilled are less likely to leave you company if they feel empowered and enjoy working there. This will lower your turnover rate and your demand for more skilled workers. Another strength that Herman Miller has is their management willing to take pay cuts. This could help during the threat of an economic downturn. During economic downturn most companies need to cut cost for the decrease in demand of their product having top executives take 10-20% pay cuts really helps the cost cutting process and, could be the difference between going under and staying afloat during a recession.Weaknesses and Opportunities A weakness for Herman Miller is operating in a high end market during a harsh economy. They could op en up a new location in Mexico where the economy is booming to help balance the loss of demand in the United States. With a dollar going a lot further in Mexico than it does in the US having a plant there would be more beneficial than exporting their goods from the United States. Using the same weakness Herman Miller could break into the rise of senior housing demand.Even with the economy being in a recession there are still customers that want your product it’s just a matter of getting the contracts and, having the willingness to make a product that suits the customers’ needs and wants. Weaknesses and Threats Herman miller has some weaknesses and threats that a related the goal is to turn them into opportunities and strengths. Every company tries to do this and the successful companies are good at it. Herman Miller needs to use their strengths as a counter when they see a weakness or a threat arise. They have done a good job at it thus far and will continue to stay a profitable company in the future.

Advocates violence Essay

A hate group is â€Å"a group or movement that advocates violence against or unreasonable hate or hostility toward those persons or organizations identified by their religion, race, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, or disability† (Wikipedia, 2004). The ideology of hate groups is based on the inaccurate information using for disparagement. The members of hate groups prejudge each individual in the target group as â€Å"low† or â€Å"contemptible†. They believe in the supremacy of their race, religion and use the violence and intimidation as the tools of the infuence on the target groups. How they do it? Usual tactics of the hate group includes four main elements: dehumanizing or demonizing the target; use of the conspiracy, theories, possibly not well backed up or referenced; claiming for manifesting interests of majority, support of thef pseudo-scientific theories using as the background for their grudge against target groups. The Southern Poverty Law Center’s Intelligence Project reckoned up that 751 hate groups were active in the United States in 2003 (http://www. tolerance. org/maps/hate/state. jsp? T=12&m=2). The most infamous and oldest American hate group is the Ku Klux Klan. This movement joined more than 150 various hate groups. The target of the attacks of the Ku Klux Klan is blacks, Jews, immigrants and gays. Today the most active Ku Klux Klan organization in the USA is the Church of the American Knights of the KKK. This radical wing of the Ku Klux Klun is led by Jeff Berry and had strong prositions among other hate groups of the state of Indiana. While other KKK groups are trying to represent themselves as a civic organization for whites, the American Knights actively propagate strong measures against minorities. The credo of the American Knights is expressed in Jeff Berry’s speech: â€Å"We hate Jews, We hate niggers†¦. I’m a Yankee and I have never heard the word thank you in the nigger vocabulary†¦. We don’t like you niggers†¦ Tell me one thing your race has accomplished. † (ADL audio tape of Jasper rally, October, 1998 rally in Jasper, TX cited by http://www. adl. org/backgrounders/american_knights_kkk. asp). The same ideas we see in the Platform of the American Knights: â€Å"Enemies from within are destroying the United States of America. An unholy coalition of anti-White, anti-Christian liberals, socialists, feminists, homosexuals, jews [sic] and militant blacks have managed to seize control of our government and mass media. This gang of criminals and degenerates has declared war on the hard working, tax paying, White citizens †¦ The American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan plan to change things for the better. We shall liberate our nation from these savage criminals and restore law and order to America. † (cited by ADL backgrounder, 1999) But the hate groups do not only tell terrible words. They also do the terrible things. Every hour in the USA someone commits a hate crime. Every day at least eight blacks, three whites, three gays, three Jews and one Latino become hate crime victims. Every week a cross is burned. Three crosses were burned in the yard of a mixed-race family in the March of 2003 (Ladoga, IN). Swastikas and offensive messages were burned into the lawns of four residences (St. John, IN). The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan distribute their flyers throughout a neighborhood. According to FBI statistic â€Å"the greatest growth in hate crimes in recent years is against Asian Americans and gays and lesbians† (http://www. tolerance. org/pdf/ten_ways. pdf). But the noble Knights of KKK do their business only with hidden faces: â€Å"It is essential to the organization to allow members to preserve their anonymity since, if members are not allowed to appear in public without being able to maintain their anonymity, they will not participate in public events† http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_group

Latin America Affected by Illegal Drugs

Latin America Affected by Illegal Drugs Latin America is the region worse affected by illegal drugs. Countries such as Mexico and Uruguay act as producers and suppliers of a number of illicit drugs to the international illegal drug market. The aggressive war on drugs waged by the Latin American states has failed to yield significant results and the drug problem continues to plague the region.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Latin America Affected by Illegal Drugs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has led to radical actions being proposed by Latin American leaders. Uruguays president Josà © Mujica has proposed for a government regulated and controlled marijuana market while Mexican President Felipe Calderon has called for a new way to reduce trafficking considering the fact that developed countries have been unable to reduce their consumption of illegal drugs. President Calderon argued that criminal networks had massive resources due to the lack of int ernational action by the drug consuming countries to tackle the issue (UN General Debate, 2012). Both leaders contend that legalization of drugs might be the solution to the drug problems that has plagued Latin America for decades. The argument made by the Latin American leaders fails to consider the adverse effects of drugs on the user. Drug use results in physical and mental effects and increases instances of violence. The UAE is strongly against illegal drugs and harsh penalties are imposed on individuals possessing or trafficking these drugs. This stringent approach is based on the understanding that drugs threaten social stability by promoting violence and making people economically inactive. The UAE perspective would therefore be against the proposed legalization of drugs since such measures would result in more harm than good. This argument is supported by Yacoubian (2007) who reveals that heavy marijuana use impairs a persons ability to form memories and it might result in a cute psychosis. Making the drug legal as the Uruguayan president proposes would result in more people suffering from the adverse mental and physical effects associated with drug use. Another argument made is that legalizing drugs such as Marijuana would have the positive effect of reducing trafficking. The Uruguayan president argues that legalization would give government greater control on the product, which would make it safer for the user while at the same time making the role of traffickers’ obsolete (Cave, 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While this might be the case, marijuana is mostly a get way drug and most users move on to harder drugs such as heroin and cocaine. Making the drug legal would therefore lead to a significant increase in the number of people who are addicted to hard drugs. The UAE perspective would be against such a move sinc e increased drug use is an undesirable outcome for the nation. The international community must take decisive action to tackle the issue of illegal drugs. However, this action should not be legalizing the consumption of currently illegal drugs. If the leaders in Latin America are earnest about their efforts to reduce drug trafficking, they should concentrate on eradicating corruption among local authority officials and improve the economic standards of their citizens. These are the two factors that have guaranteed the survival of drug cartels and traffickers and dealing with them will significant reduce the drug problem in the region. In the mean time, the leaders should adopt the UAE approach that views drugs as an ill to be eradicated at all costs for the good for the society. References Cave, D. (2012). South America Sees Drug Path to Legalization. The New York Times. Web. UN General Debate (2012). Address by His Excellency Felipe Calderà ³n Hinojosa, President of the United Mex ican States at the General debate of the 67th Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. Web. Yacoubian, G. (2007). Assessing the Relationship between Marijuana Availability and Marijuana Use: A Legal and Sociological Comparison between the United States and the Netherlands. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 51 (4), 17-34.

Improvement of Danones Purchasing and Supply Management Assignment

Improvement of Danones Purchasing and Supply Management - Assignment Example Secondly, Danone has a major weakness in availing products to consumers at the right time. This is because of the lack of efficient distribution mechanisms. This has triggered the firms to formulate distribution channels such as door-to-door, but Danone has not achieved maximum efficiency where consumers can receive goods instantly. Danone has an objective of ensuring that products reach the consumer in the best possible conditions and at the best price (Danone Par 1). Therefore, Danone may have to adopt collaborative distribution both at the urban and rural levels in order to further develop and improve its purchasing and supply management. This means that Danone will have to partner with other organizations to aid in the process of order delivery. With this, the company will be able to facilitate home delivery and pick-up efficiently in rural and urban areas (Capgemin 46).   Danone will have to adopt Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID), in future to   monitor goods from the p oint of supply to the final consumer. This technology is expected to reduce the delay of goods from production to consumption points. It will also enable Danone’s managers to identify the points where goods are required, and determine the length of time that it will take the goods to reach clients. With the aid of an electronic chip which will be attached to goods immediately, they are acquired from the supplier; information will be sent to the company about the state and location of goods (Scott, Lundgren and Thompson 95). Consequently, this will reduce delays in goods delivery. This is because managers will be able to monitor the location of goods, and they may fasten the distribution process when demand is high. Danone can also manage the relationships between buyers and sellers to improve its purchase and supply management. This will involve the strengthening of relationships between these parties. The relationships would be strengthened by holding conferences through the information system (Scott, Lundgren and Thompson 97). Buyers would understand the processes at the supplier’s point, and this understanding would create long-term relationships with sellers. Consequently, the long-term relationships would guarantee the firm supply of all products, and this would reduce the shortage. In addition, Danone would have to adopt electronic distribution would reduce delay and increase customer satisfaction (Scott, Lundgren and Thompson 101). This will improve the purchasing and supply management of the company by allowing customers to purchase goods on-line, and have the goods delivered to their door steps.

Compare and contracts between USA $ Saudi Arabia Essay

Compare and contracts between USA $ Saudi Arabia - Essay Example All differences aside, The United States of American and Saudi Arabia are both a geographic location that contains people. People are no different and need the same things in order to survive. The United States of America is home to many different seasons and has many different weather issues. The weather in the United States of America is made of hot days that reach one hundred and twenty degrees and cold days that are forty degrees below zero. The rapid changes of weather create seasons. The seasons produce rain, snow, wind and drought. These weather conditions make for a soil that is rich in produce and livestock. These pleasant but sometimes harsh weather conditions are quite different then weather in Saudi Arabia. Weather in Saudi Arabia is unlike the United States. In Saudi Arabia the temperatures get above one hundred and forty degrees at times. The harsh temperatures make for an unpleasant environment (LonelyPlanet2011). Most of the area is made of sand and large sand dunes. The heat makes it hard for produce to grow and water is not as abundant as the United States. There are sand storms that are comparable to a tornado in the United States. These sand storms are deadly and powerful. Saudi Arabia has seasons like the United States but not winter conditions. While the average temperature of the United States in the winter is twenty below zero, the temperature in Saudi Arabia would typically be seventy five degrees. The weather of the United States and Saudi Arabia shows many differences. Religious views are a huge topic of discussion when comparing and contrasting the United States and Saudi Arabia. In order to discuss the two religious views it is important to explore the history of the two nations. The United States of America was originally inhabited by Native American Indians. An explorer by the name of Christopher Columbus arrived in The United States and took over. He and the rest of his European explorers had a Catholic/Christian religious backgr ound. This religious background mainstreamed Christianity into The United States. Although Christianity is popular in the United States it is not the only religion. The freedom of The United States allows for the freedom to accept any religion. Many are Christian, Muslim and even Atheist. Some accept no religion. The ability to practice any religion without fear makes the United States a desirable location for immigrants. Saudi Arabia is completely different in the sense of religion. Saudi Arabia is the birthplace to Islam (MidEastWeb2003). Saudi Arabia, before becoming captivated by the Islam religion was mainly pagan. Those who were pagan likely converted to Christianity or Judaism. After the birth and teachings of Mohammed, about ninety percent of the Saudi Arabian population converted to Islam. The Islam religion is highly looked upon in Saudi Arabia. The popularity of the Muslim religion creates a barrier and the denial of other religions like Christianity and Judaism. Religion in the United States and Saudi Arabia has been the cause of many disputes in the past. To this day and since the beginning of history there has been war because of the religious differences. Religion and cultural differences is one of the number one factors for disputes between the United States and Saudi Arabia. Many influences like geographic location and religion play a role in the differences of the two cultures. The culture of the United States is very diverse. The United States culture consist of many different cultures put together. There are

Case Study Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Analysis - Case Study Example He was also to pay the interest with respect to terms of the interest of 12% as they had agreed. Sue has every right under the law of pursuing the money Peter owes her. According to the terms of their agreements, Peter was supposed to clear Sue’s debt by 1st of July. Since the date that Peter was expected to settle the debt had come, Sue had a legal right to request Peter to pay the cash he owed Sue (Emerson 2004, p.18). Similarly, Peter had the responsibility of honoring the terms of their agreement. If Peter would fail to honor this agreement, Sue has a legal right to pursue Peter to settle the debt through the legal processes. However, it was wise for Sue to contact Peter and ask him to settle the debt. If Peter fails to honor the agreement, Sue has every right and ground to follow the legal process so that she can be paid her debt. The legal process entails even suing Peter. The bottom line of this issue is Sue as the lender has every right to request Peter to settle the remaining debt (MacIntyre 2010, p.13). Similarly, Peter has the responsibility of honoring their agreement by paying Sue 5,000 that remained as well as the interest. On this scenario, Peter has repaid Sue the sum of 25,000 only. This implies that he has paid the principal amount only less the interest. This is contrary to their agreement. Peter was supposed to pay both the principal amount and interest on 1st July. This implies that he has breached the agreement they had made. As per the rights of the lender encompassed in the common business law, an agreement is a contract (Keenan and Riches 2009, p.37). Once the two have entered in a contract, it is unlawful to breach the contract. Peter failing to pay the interest is breaching the contract between him and Sue. According to the common business laws, breaching of a contract is an offense. This is implies that when it comes to contract breaching one is liable of facing the

High School vs College Essay Example for Free

High School vs College Essay A good education is an important part of one’s life. To achieve a good education, one should attend both high school and college. Although some people think high school has a lot in common with college, I find them to be very different. After graduating from high school, I enrolled into college and noticed that there are many differences between them. A few of these differences include the amount of work given to the students, and the attitude and responsibilities of the teachers and students as well. First of all, high school is the first step to a higher level of learning. This place equips us with the proper knowledge needed in order to survive college and other higher levels of learning. The topics being taught in high school are generalized in basic Math, Science, English, foreign languages, and many other subjects. The students are more relaxed and their responsibilities are not that complicated and heavy in a sense that there are fewer requirements and their due dates are not immediate. High schools have been criticized for not giving enough homework or assignments to its students. The main contrast between the two educational institutions is the workload that is given to the students by the teachers. While I was attending high school, I could go days without having any homework during the entire week. High schools are characterized for assigning a single homework assignment or task per class or even per day. On other hand, there are many ways in which the attitudes of the teachers in high school differ from the attitudes of the teachers in college. In high school, the majority of the teachers seem to be stricter and have more rules for the students to follow. High school teachers are responsible for making sure each student obeys those rules to the fullest extent and carry out disciplinary ac tions for those who do not obey them. One example in which a teacher has taken on a disciplinary action was when students were tardy or skipped their scheduled class, the students usually received detention along with an F for the day. I have also noticed high school teachers have strict rules to obey given to them by a higher authority. These rules include no eating or drinking in class, and sometimes not even chewing gum. Another way in which the attitude of the teachers differ is that in high school the teachers seems to be more responsible for what they say and have to make sure they do not curse or say something that can offend a student. If a high school teacher offends a student, the  student has the privilege to complain to the principal, and most of the time the teacher has to take full responsibility. Furthermore, the attitude of students in high school and college also differs greatly in ways such as their dedication to schoolwork and to learning. High school students believe they most attend to class because they are being forced by the law or because their parents insist them to attend, and not because it helps for their future. The majority of high school students start the school year with excitement, but as the time goes, they become frustrated and bored. They begin questioning why they are in school, or what the purpose of doing homework is. While I was in high school, I had the opportunity to notice that many students prefer to goof during class time rather than doing their assignments. For the most part, high school students do not take their courses as seriously as they should. Moreover, there is always a class clown or someone tending to sleep, or even carrying a private conversation with other classmates during lectures. In contrast to high school, college is very specific and cautious about studying. In college, I was told by one of my instructors that a college student is expected to study for three hours a week, per credit. The subjects a student will learn and discuss are much more specific since you finally chose a career path you will take in the future. College students are notorious more mature, but also more responsible causing their workload to be more complex and heavier. Responsibility encourage changed for the simple fact that the curriculum is much more tedious and complicated due to the detailed topics that are discussed regarding your chosen career path. A college student may be given several tasks or homework assignment to do all that the same time for one class. For example, as a college student I have been given several pages to read from a text and a seven hundred word paper as well. Although colleges requires attendances and many of them try to enforce it; some teachers do not. While I am attending college, I am now able to see the difference between how there are some teachers who feel it is the students responsibility to come to class or not. If a student chooses to skip the class, the teacher will rarely say something to the student. However, even if colleges instructors are considered more flexible than any other teachers, students usually get an F for the day in which they are absents. Colleges provide a huge variety of freedom and independence to its students  because they believe students should be mature enough to make their own decisions on whether to attend a class or not. In contrast to high school teachers, college instructors are even able to say almost anything they want regardless of whether it offends someone or not such as in the occasion when a college instructor said, We dont need more black people around here during one of his lectures. By the time students get accepted at colleges, most of them already know their educational goals. Through my time spent in college I have realized students have the mindset to succeed in college because they want to be able to achieve their goals. People who decide to attend to college are working towards obtaining a higher level degree, and not just to play around on campus, or to waste their time pretending to pay attention. This is a higher level of learning, thus, requiring more time, and effort as well as devotion to studies. High school and college are very important in the educational processes because often one cannot get a good job without a well-developed education. This education frequently comes from having a high school diploma and a college degree. Although high school and college carry some of the same features; they also have several differences between them. Some of the ways which high school and college differ include the amount of work given to the students, the teachers’ attitudes and responsibilities, and the students’ attitudes and responsibili ties as well. High school and college play important parts in the lives of many people although they may be thought as similar, they also differ in several ways.

Moringa Oleifera Health Benefits and Nutrition

Moringa Oleifera Health Benefits and Nutrition According to Dr. Lydia M. Marero of the Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Philippines, Moringa oleifera is one of the worlds most useful plants. It is used as food, effective water treatment, antibiotic, source of oil, and coagulant for turbid waters. Moringa Oleifera has several health benefits that are one of the reasons why it is named the Miracle Tree and the Tree of Life in many cultures. People benefit from Moringa Oleifera both in terms of prevention and healing. Moringa Oleifera is nutritious, natural and energizing. The immature pods are the most valued and widely used of all the tree parts. The pods are extremely nutritious, containing all the essential amino acids along with many vitamins and other nutrients. The immature pod can be eaten raw or prepared like green peas or green beans, while the mature pods are usually fried and possess a peanut-like flavor. The pods also yield 38 40% of non-drying, edible oil known as Ben Oil. This oil is clear, sweet and odorless, and never becomes rancid. Overall, its nutritional value most closely resembles olive oil. The root is used as pickle. The leaves are eaten as greens, in salads, in vegetable curries, as pickles and for seasoning. The Bark can be used for tanning and also y ields a coarse fiber. The flowers, which must be cooked, are eaten either mixed with other foods or fried in batter and have been shown to be rich in potassium and calcium. Moringa Oleiferas on Dr. Oz Show These are some of the uses of Moringa Oleifera: Moringa Oleifera for Diabetes Relief Moringa Oleifera for Healthy Skin Moringa Oleifera for Nutrition Moringa Oleifera to sleep better Moringa Oleifera for decreased depression and anxiety Moringa Oleifera  contains more than 92 nutrients and 46 types of antioxidants. Moringa leaves contain all the essential amino acids to build strong healthy bodies. Moringa  is said to cure about three hundred diseases and almost have all the vitamins found in fruits and vegetables. Even in larger proportions. With all the health benefits of this miracle herb, it can easily be termed as the most nutritious herb on Earth. There are no side-effects which also has tried, tested, documented and proved evidence to support the same. Some Facts about Moringa Moringa has following properties: 92 Nutrients 46 Antioxidants 36 Anti-Inflammatories 18 Amino Acids, 9 Essential Amino Acids Nourishes The  Immune System Supports Normal Glucose Levels Natural Anti-Aging Benefits Provides Anti-Inflammatory Support Promotes Healthy Digestion Promotes Heightened Mental Clarity Boosts Energy Without Caffeine Encourages Balanced Metabolism Promotes Softer Skin Provides Relief From Acne Supports Normal Hormone Levels Few Nutritional Value of Moringa Gram-for-gram comparison of nutritional data: 2 times -the Protein of Yogurt 3 times the Potassium of Bananas 4 times the Calcium of Milk 4 times the Vitamin A of Carrots 7 times -the Vitamin C of Oranges The Vitamin and Minerals Component of Moringa  Leaves and Pods Vitamins are soluble either in water or in lipids. They help regulate almost all physiological processes in the body. When any vitamin is absent from the diet the body begins to show signs of deficiency. Minerals are also essential for our health; they are used by our body for building tissues such as bones, teeth, muscles. Some minerals are components of enzymes and help to regulate metabolic function of the body. Lack of minerals in diet can impair normal functioning of the body and may lead to a number of disease. Without enough calcium and phosphorous our bones fail to grow properly. The detail of vitamins and minerals in Moringas fresh dried leaves and its pod are presented in the following tables. Table No. 1: Moringa Oleifera Pods [Raw] Nutritional Value Per 100  g (3.5  oz) Energy 26  kcal Fat 0.10 g Carbohydrates 3.7 g Protein 2.50 g Dietary fiber 4.8 g Water 86.90 g Vitmans Vitamin A equiv. 0.11 mg Calcium 30 mg Thiamine (vit. B1) 0.05 mg Iron 5.3 mg Riboflavin (vit. B2) 0.07 mg Magnesium 24 mg Niacin (vit. B3) 0.20 mg Manganese 0.25 mg Pantothenic acid (B5) 0.79 mg Phosphorus 110 mg Vitamin B6 0.12 mg Potassium 259 mg Folate (vit. B9) 44 ÃŽÂ ¼g Sodium 42 mg Vitamin C 120.0 mg Zinc 0.45 mg Source: USDA Nutrient Database Table No. 2: Moringa Oleifera Leaf Nutrient Composition Calories Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  92 cal Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  49 cal Macronutrients Protein Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  6.70 g Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  6.5 g Fat Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  1.70 g Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  0.55 g Carbohydrates Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  12.5 g Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  9.2 g Micronutrients Carotene (Vit.A) Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  6.78 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  4.54 mg Thiamin (B1) Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  0.06 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  0.63 mg Riboflavin (B2) Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  0.05 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  4.92 mg Niacin (B3) Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  0.8 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  1.97 mg Vitamin C Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  220 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  4.15 mg Calcium Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  440 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  480.72 mg Copper Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  0.07 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  0.14 mg Fiber Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  0.90 g Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  4.61 g Iron Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  0.85 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  6.77 mg Magnesium Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  42 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  88.32 mg Phosphorus Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  70 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  48.96 mg Potassium Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  259 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  329 mg Zinc Fresh Leaves (Value/100g):  0.16 mg Dried Leaves (Value/24g):  0.79 mg Source: The National Academies Press Amino Acids: The foundation of our body Our bodies need twenty different amino acids or proteins that are the building blocks for a healthy body. Nonessential amino acids are those that the body can synthesize for itself, provided there is enough nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen available. Essential amino acids are those supplied by the diet.   They must be consumed as the human body either cannot make them at all or cannot make them in sufficient quantity to meet its needs. Of the 20 amino acids required by our bodies, eleven of them are nonessential and nine are essential. Functions of Amino Acids: Proteins act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. They maintain fluid balance and acid and base balance. They also transport substances such as oxygen, vitamins and minerals to target cells throughout the body. Structural proteins, such as collagen and keratin, are responsible for the formation of bones, teeth, hair, and the outer layer of skin and they help maintain the structure of blood vessels and other tissues. Enzymes are proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being changed in the process. Hormones (chemical messengers) are proteins that travel to one or more specific target tissues or organs, and many have important regulatory functions. Insulin , for example, plays a key role in regulating the amount of glucose in the blood. The body manufactures antibodies (giant protein molecules), which combat invading antigens. Antigens are usually foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses that have entered the body and could potentially be harmful.If these critical components for a healthy body are not provided as part of a healthy diet, the body will look for other sources for them.   This can include breakdown of our organs, leading to chronic problems such as liver and kidney problems, diabetes and heart disease among others. Moringa as a Food Moringa is considered a complete food as it contains all of the essential Amino Acids required for a healthy body.  The dried leaf is a nutritional powerhouse and contains all of the following Amino Acids. Ann Hirsch, PhD One of the things that impress me most about Moringa is the fact that it has the full complement of the essential amino acids those humans beings need-there are nine of them that we cannot synthesize, so we have to get them from our food. Ann Hirsch, PhD, Professor of Botany at University of California Los Angeles Malnutrition In developing tropical countries, Moringa trees have been used to combat malnutrition, especially among infants and nursing mothers. Three non-governmental organizations in particular Trees for Life, Church World Service and Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization advocate Moringa as natural nutrition for the tropics. Leaves can be eaten fresh, cooked, or stored as dried powder for many months without refrigeration, and without loss of nutritional value. According to Optima of Africa, Ltd., a group that has been working with the tree in Tanzania, 25 grams daily of Moringa Leaf Powder will give a child the following recommended daily allowances: Protein 42%, Calcium 125%, Magnesium 61%, Potassium 41%, Iron 71%, Vitamin A 272%, and Vitamin C 22%. These numbers are particularly astounding; considering this nutrition is available when other food sources may be scarce. Moringa as medicine Scientific research confirms that these humble leaves are a powerhouse of nutritional value. The Moringa tree has great use medicinally both as preventative and treatment. Much of the evidence is anecdotal as there has been little actual scientific research done to support these claims. Indias ancient tradition of ayurveda says the leaves of the Moringa tree prevent 300 diseases. One area in which there has been significant scientific research is the reported antibiotic activity of this tree. Moringa and cancer Findings of a study made in India, which were used as the basis of many news reports on malunggay as a wonder plant, states that moringa contains anti-cancer compounds (phytochemicals) that help stop the growth of cancer cells. Moringa is said to be effective in treating ovarian cancer, among a host of other diseases like arthritis, anemia, heart complications, kidney problems, scurvy, asthma, and digestive disorders (ulcer, gastritis, diarrhea, dysentery). Another area of folklore which research supports is in cancer treatment. Moringa species have long been recognized by folk medicine practitioners as having value in the treatment of tumors. Studies examined certain compounds for their cancer preventive potential. Recently two of these compounds were shown to be potent inhibitors of activation of lymphoblastoid (Burkitts lymphoma) cells. One of these compounds also inhibited tumors in mice bred to be prone to tumors. In another study, Bharali and colleagues examined skin tumor prevention following ingestion of drumstick (Moringa seedpod) extracts. Liver and Moringa Moringa has been observed by scientists to contain unique compounds and enact mechanisms that help purge the liver of these toxins and even reverse the damage that they cause. Silymarin is a flavonoid or specialized molecule found in moringa that has been shown to help reduce the effects of hepatoxins on the liver, improving its resiliency. It also protects the liver from the toxic effects. Moringa has also been observed to be an effective treatment against a wide array of liver diseases, such as both chronic and acute hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, fatty degeneration of the liver, and the metabolic liver disease brought about by alcohol and drug use. This is because moringa not only stops the toxicity that causes these diseases, but also helps reverse it. On its own, the liver is a very resilient organ, able to regenerate its cells and grow back even after over half of it is destroyed or removed. Moringa accelerates this regeneration process by about four times the normal speed, eventually helping the liver regain full functionality. Water purification After the oil is extracted from the pods, the seed-cake remaining contains the active components for removing turbidity (solid particles) from water. Because bacteria adhere to the solids, this seed-cake also effectively removes bacteria. At the Thyolo Water Treatment Works in Malawi, Africa, two researchers from the University of Leicester, England, have worked on substituting moringa seeds for alum to remove solids in water for drinking. Conclusions This tree is truly a Miracle Tree offering hope; nutritionally, medicinally and economically to devastatingly poor 3rd world countries. It has just recently begun being used as a supplement in a juice form and in powdered leaf tablets. We are not talking about believing us, the data is already out there to show the benefits of Moringa Oleifera.What has been missing, so far, is the willingness to create awareness about this. In our local language it is called SOHANJNA References: Broin M (2006). The nutrient value of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves: What can we learn from figure? 2006 Moringa news work shop. http://www.moringanews.org/doc/GB? Posters?Broin_poster.pdf. accessed 18/05/2010. Fahey JW (2005). Moringa oleifera: A review of the Medical evidence for its nutritional, Therapeutic and prophylactic properties. Part 1. http://www.TFLjournal.org/article.php /20051201124931586. accessed 15/03/2010 Anjorin TS, Ikokoh P, Okolo S (2010). Mineral composition of Moringa oleifera leaves, pods and seeds from two regions in Abuja, Nigeria. Int. J. Agric Biol., 12: 431-434. Anwar F, Sajid L, Muhammad A, Anwarul HG (2007). Moringa oleifera: A Food plant with Multiple Medicinal Uses. Phytother. Res., 21: 17-25. 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