When should we bring our troops home from Iraq Essay

When should we bring our soldiers home from Iraq - Essay Example On nineteenth September 2005, in a joint question and answer session with then President George Bush, Jalal Talabani, the occupant and sixth President of Iraq, was cited saying that, â€Å"We will set no plan for withdrawal, Mr. President.A schedule will enable the fear based oppressors, to will support them that they could overcome the superpower of the world and the Iraqi people† (GOLIATH, 2005). 6 years, 455 Bn dollars and more than 4421 military passings later (Congressional Research Service, 2010), Mr. Talabani’s words on ‘timetable’ still remain constant with the current 50,000 US military boots on the grounds of Iraq. Since its initiation, Iraq war has been exposed to discusses beginning right from the avocation of war, official and informal causes, remote and country open help, and troops withdrawal. Despite the fact that a semi withdrawal cutoff time was set by the status of drives understanding away from Iraq by 31 December 2011 (Congressional Res earch Service, 2009), however the real factors behind the real troop withdrawal are as yet soft as depicted by Secretary of Defense, Robert Gates on April seventh 2011 (BBC News, 2011). The issue of troops withdrawal isn't only an issue of date however is a tangled circumstance of geopolitics, business (read oil), outside and philanthropic approach objectives, rebellions, adjustment and maintainability. It is advantageous to note or think about on whether the soldiers should come back from Iraq today, tomorrow or ought to have done it yesterday. America and Iraq †Looking back at recent years The Republic of Iraq, when a safe house to the most punctual civic establishments (Mesopotamia) on the planet, turned into a grieved shadow of its past with multi-ethnic conflicts and brutality, uncouth fascisms, strict bigotries and enthusiasm, social and financial partitions and a rich save of â€Å"black gold†. On twentieth March 2003, President Bush pronounced war against Iraq as American powers appended the center east country from its southern fringe. Before the declaration, US had accumulated universal help and partnerships with UK, Australia, Canada and Netherlands to battle Iraq. Reasons of battle interruption of US partnered powers in this Arab nation have been begging to be proven wrong since the war began. The official defense of Operation Iraqi Freedom (official name of Iraq war) introduced by US to the UN Security Council and by President Bush in his State of Union Address as (1) to obliterate Saddam Hussain's (Reigning radical despot of Iraq) weapons of mass pulverization (WMD); (2) to dispense with the danger of worldwide fear mongering; and (3) to advance majority rule government in Iraq and encompassing zones (CNN, 2003). In coming years, these reasons would turn into the focal point of savage discussion and a risk for the Bush Administration to guard both to America and the remainder of the world. Informal reasons why America was hauled into the inside stage in Arab world are estimated to be (1) to control the oil stores of Iraq, Israel-US relations (Perezalonso, 2006) and to offer an American expression of impact in the Middle east. Regardless of whether the war was legitimized or not, America was in disordered and crisis circumstance. Iraq saw Saddam Hussain’s catch in 2003, Evidence of American military personnel’s misuse and torment of detainees in 2004, First Iraqi political race in 2005, Saddam’s execution in 2005, Insurgency in 2007 and Stabilization endeavors since 2008. The all out expense of war was evaluated to be 3 Trillion dollars (Washington Post, 2010). Aside from anticipated causalities and financial misfortune, the significant results of the Iraq war have been (1) Deconstruction of Iraq (2) Possible radical strengthening of in Middle East and (3) US Hegemony in danger (Hinnebusch, 2007). The war was likewise a significant reason for banter in US Elections 2008 and was one of the ele ments that prompted choose of President Barack Obama. Would it be a good idea for us to bring our soldiers back home? Since the time, Bush Administration conceded that deception of Iraq’s ownership of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) contention (Usborne, 2003), open

Needs Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Needs Assessment - Essay Example A few assets have likewise been saved for buying the composing materials and different materials that will get utilized during the time spent information investigation. The board of trustees has had the option to gauge the expense of materials that will get utilized in information portrayal and has saved a few assets to provide food for this. The panel has planned for some caffeinated drinks just as rewards, especially for the individuals who will be lead eye to eye premise of meetings. The group has additionally recruited people with guiding callings to offer their advising administration to those understudies who are in danger of liquor use. In spite of the fact that restricted somewhat, our spending plan has taken into account guarantee those taking alcohols will diminish their utilization and utilization of alcoholic items, with the point of causing them to stop. At long last, the advisory group has had the option to set aside a few assets to cook for the recovery programs for the understudies who are issue consumers. The activity has employed a few physiologists, who are going to take clinical intercession for those with clinical and physiological conditions and since these require some specific considerations (Borck, 501). Borck, Cornelius. Imparting the Modern Body: Fritz Kahns Popular Images of Human Physiology as an Industrialized World. Canadian Journal of Communicationâ 32.3 (2007): 495-520. ProQuest. Web. 19 Mar.

Cloning Essays (464 words) - Molecular Biology, Genetics, Cloning

Cloning Essays (464 words) - Molecular Biology, Genetics, Cloning Cloning The new achievement of cloning is an extraordinary development in biotechnology. The utilization of cloning can be both useful and unsafe to society. There are numerous sensible approaches to utilize the strategies for cloning. For example, the utilization for clinical purposes can be useful in cases for example, delivering creatures with human body frameworks that could be utilized for transplanting organs. It tends to be an important advantage for our general public in that manner. It very well may be hurtful on the off chance that it is opened for use in the overall population since it could cause numerous issues if an inappropriate individuals become associated with it. As expressed in Times Magazine, this is a forward leap in innovation and it is unthinkable for the administration to preclude anybody to not utilize cloning. It is another law of nature that is being resisted and the legislature can't remove that. In the field of medication, cloning can be an extremely helpful strategy. It isn't just barely having the option to recreate the qualities, however to have the option to move them and to examine them. It would be conceivable to contemplate organs of the human body to figure out how they can change them to cause them to recover after injury. Likewise, the methods of replicating qualities and duplicating DNA could help in discovering solutions for specific sicknesses and disarranges. Researchers can take DNA from solid cells and duplicate it at that point infuse it into an unfortunate cell to offset the ?terrible? qualities. I don't concur with the utilization of cloning for human reason with the goal for guardians to ?pick? their youngster. In the first place, by replicating attributes that guardians want would foul up the decent variety of society. In the event that everybody had the option to pick what qualities their kid would have, a great many people would decide on the attributes of popular individuals who are either amazingly shrewd or who are extraordinarily attractive. The age of the ?clone individuals? would be so comparative in perspectives and in character what's more, the world would turn into an exhausting spot, if that were the situation. Other than the world getting extremely exhausting, there are different variables to consider. The replication and duplicating of DNA can some of the time cause harm to the hereditary code. For this situation, it is feasible for hereditary clutters emerge. On the off chance that an example of DNA is taken from a more youthful individual to duplicate, that individual could be conveying a code for a type of turmoil whose indications would not appear until some other time in the person?s life. Thusly, the specific code that would be replicated to make another human conveys that clutter. I think the new advancement is exceptionally fascinating and has numerous unanswered questions.. There are numerous things that should be sifted through, for example, who can utilize cloning furthermore, how it will be controlled so it doesn't cause issues. It is horrible to see such an extraordinary advancement be mishandled by an inappropriate people.

Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi)

Remote Direct Investment (Fdi)     Investment done by an outside individual or organization in gainful ability of another nation is what is implied by remote venture. It is the development of capital from the national outskirt in such a manner tat it gives the financial specialist the all out power over the obtained resource. FDI for the most part moves both physical capital and impalpable resources, for example, innovation among countries. According to standard development speculations, the main considerations driving monetary development are capital collection and mechanical advancement. Outside direct venture assumes a significant job in the monetary advancement of the host country. It goes about as a take off platform to the financial, social, infrastructural, mechanical advancements of many host nations. This is a period of globalized world economy and remote direct venture is the significant main impetus behind the relationship of national economies.       FDI has a significant job in taking the economy of the host nation a long ways ahead. The monetarily creating just as the immature nations are reliant on the financially evolved nations for money related help which would assist them with achieving some monetary steadiness. Throughout the previous twenty years any type of remote direct speculation has picked up in a great deal of capital information and innovative assets into the economy of a nation.       Foreign direct speculation is a basic and unavoidable piece of national formative plans. There are numerous positive angles for FDI for which it is invited by all countries all around. It has become a necessary instrument for activating monetary development for countries everywhere. FDI is knowledgeable in using human asset in the best path because of which high profitability is gotten. Outside direct speculation has picked up prominence around the world.       Though the vast majority of the FDI streams is predominantly situated in the created countries, it is a lot of critical for creating nations also (allude figure 1). According to the figure between 1990-2000 the total abundance of the creating countries almost became multiple times and its all out exchange volume shot more than five folds, FDI streaming into the creating nations developed to18 times. Due to private direct speculations, the contribution of creating nations in the worldwide creation organize expanded extensively.       Foreign direct speculation rolled out intense improvements in the economy of the host nation. The framework of the host nation expanded extensively. Mechanical advancement was likewise made conceivable. The expectation for everyday comforts of the average folks of the host nation likewise improved because of remote direct speculation. FDI turned as an aid to the host nation as the development and advancement made by it was wonderful as it not just improved the monetary states of the country, it additionally could improve the social conditions. Again the wellbeing segment of the host nation could likewise create in light of outside direct venture. Sorts of FDI:      Foreign direct venture can be characterized into two sorts. They are Greenfield speculation and Mergers and Acquisition. Greenfield venture      Direct speculation by an outside organization or individual in new pursuit or extending by developing new offices in the current regions in the host nation is known as green field venture. This kind of FDI is done in creating nations like India where worldwide organizations fabricate new associations. Remote organizations even recruit workers from the host nations there by making openings for work. Creating countries gives spellbinding offers like tax cuts, endowments and motivators to the remote organizations so as to draw in them. Losing corporate expense is immaterial when contrasted with preferences to FDI.      Benefits of Greenfield speculation are a few. In sourcing is done there by expanding business openings .Also representatives are paid more than those working in residential firms. Remote nations put resources into Research and improvement because of which the innovation of the host nation expands .Knowledge is bestowed to the impeded segments moreover. They continue extending business by placing in progressively capital speculations. Countries human capital gets used there by boosting up economy. Mergers and Acquisition:     It is an essential kind of outside direct speculation.      Mergers and Acquisitions happen when move of existing resources from a neighborhood firm to remote firm is finished. There are no drawn out advantages to the nearby economy. At the point when authority over resources and tasks are moved from host to outside organization, cross outskirt procurement happens. At the point when resources and tasks from various countries are made to a solitary new legitimate substance, cross outskirt merger happens. Prohibited Territories:      Foreign direct venture isn't permitted in all divisions. In India it is limited to specific territories, for example, Arms and ammo, Atomic Energy, Railway Transport, Coal and lignite, mining of iron, manganese, chromium, gypsum, sulfur, gold, precious stones, copper, zinc and so forth. Certain different segments might be limited in different nations for FDI. Approaches to advance monetary turn of events      Several contemplates have been led with respect to outside direct venture and financial turn of events. The outcomes acquired from the examinations were somewhat clashing and not solid. A few examinations demonstrated that the financial improvement in the host nations were just passing. Certain examinations show that there is no such impact. The linkage between the turn of events and FBI is discovered confounding and the outcomes vary for every nation. A few examinations find that there are benefits. As an outcome of outside speculation representatives delighted in more prominent compensation that those working in the local field. Some didn't examine this advantage.      Policies which I would prescribe a host nation government to embrace towards outside financial specialists so as to advance monetary improvement are as per the following.      Foreign ventures are actually an essential piece of financial improvement of a host country, especially monetarily creating and financially immature countries. So a host government ought to pull in outside direct financial specialists to the nation on the off chance that they accept the task would bring positive yields. For that the host government needs to give fascinating motivating forces, endowments, tax reductions and so forth. There is huge rivalry among countries to bring remote financial specialists home so their nation could create in all terms. The host government needs to demonstrate the outside speculators right excessively so as to get more ventures the specific field and furthermore because of which they make their psyche to put resources into different areas moreover. The host nation specialists can offer preparing to the two laborers and chiefs; innovative preparing with the goal that outside financial specialists get pulled in as there is gracefully of HR. By receiving these techniques if that specific financial specialist succeeds, that achievement will provoke another speculator to the host nation.    Spillover benefits do exist, however not internationally. Mostly those advantages are delighted in by monetarily creating and immature host countries. Each host nation varies in its economy, human asset, innovative progressions, instructive quality, rivalry and its approaches towards remote direct venture (FDI).

Locked in the Cabinet Free Essays

Composed by the 22nd Labor Secretary of the United States Robert Reich, Locked in the Cabinet seems, by all accounts, to be composed with respectable objectives and expectations. That is, â€Å"to connect the enlarging hole between the rich and the poor.† Robert Reich is a companion of previous United States President Bill Clinton for a long time and finished having incredibly restricting perspectives. We will compose a custom article test on Secured in the Cabinet or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now He ended up being a disappointed individual from Clinton’s bureau. He brought up the disappointment of Clinton’s organization to satisfy its planned points and jobs to support its constituents. The book was bundled like a diary with sections with their particular dates. The diary was dated on the multi year length of the main term of Bill Clinton. The book shows a fragmentary-like type of a day by day account with the predetermined time when the occasion happened. In this book, he utilized a series of illustrations to introduce his focuses in an innovative manner, maybe. In the book, Clinton was treated with wavering. Reich didn't intentionally expressed â€Å"President Bill Clinton† in the book. He would allude to a certain â€Å"Bill† who, he stated, his long-lasting companion. He was, maybe, additionally thinking about their kinship while scrutinizing the initiative of his own one of a kind dear companion. It is praiseworthy that Reich targets overcoming any issues between the rich and poor. He focused on his being a liberal who has consistently been prepared to battle for the privileges of their constituents. For him, being liberal is giving an individual his privileges. He focused on the significance of giving such in light of the fact that it is the principle job and capacity of the legislature, in any case. As a liberal work secretary, he upheld the privileges of each specialist particularly their appropriate for a pay increment. He even attempted to persuade organization proprietors and producers notâ to utilize their forces against the striking laborers. These laborers are simply airing their privileges and slants, in any case. Relating to the authentic job and elements of the legislature in a private endeavor economy, he worried the job of the administration on giving the altogether benefits that a laborer ought to have. He pushed for wage increment among the laborers in the United States. He focused on the significance of a â€Å"government intervention† in pushing for the privileges of the laborers. Regardless of whether Clinton is his long-term and dear companion, it didn't stop him in voicing out his reactions towards Clinton’s unacceptable initiative through his book. He said that Clinton’s organization didn't have a clue what ought to be organized and appeared to overlook what the reason for his coming to Washington. He related that Clinton had the authority yet didn't have the enough fortitude to produce results what is best for the individuals. Yet, at that point, his failure over Clinton’s arrangements and organization has consistently been dominated by his fondness towards his long-term companion. He sees contemporary American strategies as a â€Å"disaster† which doesn't really react to the genuine needs of their constituents. He obtusely censured all that he thinks not in the correct spot. I absolutely concur with his idea of progressivism. He thinks about the â€Å"liberation† of each individual’s rights. He set forth the significance of giving everybody of what is because of him. As a legislator, it on the money for him to have the heart for the persecuted and not for the oppressor. He has indicated worry for the upside of the individuals. It is only that he was â€Å"locked in the cabinet.† He suggested that restrictions of being an individual from a bureau. It may create the impression that bureau individuals have all the ability to produce results expert individuals arrangements and activities, however at that point, they are exposed to the bureaucracy’s endorsement. He utilized numerous hidden topics in his book. This to some degree gave a contort on the sharp suppositions that he needs to introduce. He conceded that he is to be sure a baffled secretary who wanted that everybody would hear his and the society’s predicament. Reich’s book is extremely useful. It is stunning how he can present such disputable disclosures given that Clinton is his dear companion. He introduced his point valiantly deserting no missed point. I surmise he just indicated a target setting of the circumstance of Clinton’s organization and the United States government framework when all is said in done, especially to the work segment. With no uncertainty, he appeared, through his book, his profound worry for individuals. Then again, the book, behind its dazzling fundamental subjects, additionally got reactions, maybe from the individuals who were behind the organization of Clinton. They guaranteed that Reich’s work was much the same as an anecdotal work and even asserted that it is an insignificant purposeful publicity. They included that Reich’s guarantee were not reasonable by any stretch of the imagination. All things considered, I surmise, they simply need to see the master plan. I accept that Reich has respectable objectives and points as he introduced his focuses in the book. Obviously, Reich’s book merits a tribute. He accomplished his function admirably as the work secretary battling for the workers’ rights. Individuals in the legislature ought to get a duplicate of his book right away. Reference: Reich, R. (1997). Secured in the Cabinet (first ed.). Norwalk, CT: Easton Press.        Step by step instructions to refer to Locked in the Cabinet, Essay models

Help From the Best Medical School Essay Examples

Help From the Best Medical School Essay ExamplesThe best way to get a real job in today's medical field is to become an expert on medical school essays. Through the best written essays, the level of the education and the motivation to excel will skyrocket.To get into medical school essay samples that are truly helpful, you should be very motivated to gain that knowledge and apply it to your career. Though this is extremely difficult to do for most people, in order to achieve a level of knowledge and mastery, you must be willing to work hard in order to develop a new set of skills. When you work at your job doing what you do best, you become more confident and willing to learn new things that help you excel.Though there are plenty of opportunities for you to find information and support about how to develop these skills, there are not many medical school essay samples that teach you the need to develop new abilities. When you are faced with a written assignment, you must become a prob lem solver and look for ways to turn any difficulties into an opportunity to learn and improve. For this reason, learning from the best essay examples is critical to achieving your educational goals.You can find essay samples on the internet that can be easily downloaded and read. With the help of these essays, you can learn the important things to include in your medical school applications. If you have personal experience or take pride in your academic achievements, you will understand the value of gaining knowledge to write a strong application. This allows you to answer questions and make the case for why you deserve to get a job in the medical field.Aside from reading through the guidelines on how to apply, you should also try to locate written essays written by someone who has been through the process and you can then utilize their experiences to assist people in your own position. Many of the best-written essays are written by the person who has gone through the job and has c ome out a winner. By knowing how to apply and the importance of being effective, you are giving yourself a head start over the competition. To accomplish this, it is important to find the best medical school essay samples and to read them carefully so that you understand their true intent.Most of the professionals who have gone through the challenges have found great success and have taken full advantage of the opportunities they have been provided by a reputable health care professional, a professional development program, or someone who has excelled in the field. By reviewing the excellent documents that the best essay examples have offered, you will learn what to write and how to write it. You can be assured that by creating a customized solution that is tailored to your own situation, you will be able to thrive. This is a win-win situation for you and the employer that are looking for someone who can show a level of skill and intellect in writing that will help them find that pe rfect candidate.A way to ensure that you find the best essay samples is to keep an eye out for recent books and articles that are written by professionals in the medical field that are easily accessible on the internet. These tips will help you avoid the pitfalls that others have fallen into and will give you a chance to develop the skills necessary to be successful in your own career. There are many excellent resources that can give you the tools that you need to develop the skills you need to succeed.While you can find an abundance of information and assistance on applying for medical school essays, there is a problem. Most people do not understand what is required to develop a quality application for the kind of career they want. If you take the time to search through essay samples and pick the ones that offer the most insightful information on medical school applications, you will be well on your way to achieving your educational goals.

Animal Testing In Cosmetics - Free Essay Example

Before a thorough analysis of the public policy can be done, it is important to understand why this topic is a social problem worthy of discussion. Animal testing is defined as, Use of animals in experiments and development projects usually to determine toxicity, dosing and efficacy of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials (Animal Testing). The use of animal testing dates back to the earliest time in history. The earliest evidence of animal testing is from descriptions of the dissection of live animals in 500 BC from Greek writings. During this time, animals were being used in an attempt to discover the functions of living organisms (Procon). The use of animals in cosmetic testing began in the 1940s as a result of the tipping point in which hundreds of people suffered from serious injuries after being exposed to unsafe beauty products. This was mainly caused by the passing of the U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act (FDC) in 1938, which increased guidelines on the safety of cosmetic products. In reaction to this act, many companies looked to animals in order to test their products and meet the new safety guidelines (National Anti-Vivisection Society). Beginning in the 2000s, many companies have started to stop using animal testing on their products, largely due to complaints by customers. In 2014, the Humane Cosmetics Act, HR 4148, was introduced by Republican congressman Jim Moran. This bill aims to ensure that animals are not harmed in the manufacturing of cosmetic products, and is the first federal bill to be introduced to prohibit animal testing for cosmetics produced and sold in the United States (The Humane Society). Despite continued widespread support, this bill has not received a hearing on the floor, so no significant progress has been made in the passing of this bill. There are two sides to this policy debate. One side is that animal testing for cosmetics should be legal, while the other is that animal testing for cosmetics should be banned. On one hand, some believe that animal testing for cosmetics should be legal because it is necessary in order to prove the safety of cosmetic products. Additionally, scientists state that animals are the closest bodies to humans and thus can most effectively produce accurate results on the safety of products. On the other hand, some believe that animal testing for cosmetics should be banned because it is cruel and inhumane. Those who are against animal testing argue that new technology has been developed and now provides better alternatives to animal testing. In addition, many say that it is unnecessary because an abundant amount of ingredients have already been proven safe to use in cosmetics, so there is no need to continue to test new ingredients. The side that is for animal testing wants to keep the current laws and does not want any new laws to be passed. In contrast, the side that is against animal testing wants to pass new laws to ban animal testing in cosmetics (Procon). This is a social problem because there is an element of harm to thousands of animals who are being used in the testing. Additionally, it impacts people who do not know each other because people across the world have very strong beliefs on the issue. It has also spanned generations and elicits political action because the government must decide on public policy in order to solve the social problem. Subjectively, many people believe that animal testing is unethical because animals are being tortured for cosmetic gains, while others believe that the testing is necessary for advancement in cosmetic products. On the other side, objectively, many animals have died of torture while products are being tested on them, but many discoveries have been made with the results. Each year, over 100,000 animals are killed in the United States for cosmetic testing, but thousands of ingredients and new products are being produced as a result of these testings. (Humane Society International). Another objective condition is that many alternatives to animal testing have been created and are proven to be just as effective. For example, when using in-vitro testing, the accuracy of the safety results went from just 60% with animal testing to 80-90% using this alternative method (New England). The core value tension represented by the debate over animal testing for cosmetics is law vs. ethics. Law vs. ethics essentially means that the laws that govern the country and the ethical principles that guide ones behavior are not always in harmony. However, these tensions can help to improve the legal system and keep it in line with societys changing ethics (Mckown, 2018). In animal testing for cosmetics specifically, the laws are clear in that there are no bans on animal testing and therefore it is allowed. However, according to a 2017 Gallup study, 44% of American adults think that animal testing is unethical, which is up significantly from 26% in 2001 (Swetlitz, 2017). This demonstrates the tension between citizens ethical beliefs and the laws that are governing them. As the percentage of Americans against animal testing increases, the laws are likely to move towards animal testing becoming illegal. Animal testing in the cosmetic industry continues to be relevant today through regulations, state laws being passed, and national bills being proposed. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for the enforcement of the FDC Act to ensure that cosmetics are safe and properly labeled. The FDC Act does not specifically require the use of animals for testing ingredients for cosmetics, but it also does not ban it. Under the current law, it is up to the cosmetic companies to establish the safety of the ingredients and finished cosmetic product in whichever way they choose (U.S. Food Drug Administration). Additionally, on August 24, 1966 the Animal Welfare Act was passed, which is the only Federal law that regulates the treatment of animals in research. This law sets up a minimum acceptable standard of treatment towards animals, but has highly criticized by activist groups against animal testing that it is to lax and not enforced well (United States Department of Agriculture). On August 31, 2018, California passed the Cruelty-Free Cosmetics Act, which banned all beauty products that were tested on animals, or include ingredients tested on animals, by 2020. This makes California the first U.S. state to take this step to end animal testing in cosmetics. This type of legislation has been proposed in numerous states and to Congress, but California is the first state to actually pass a law (Mackenzie, 2018). The major key players involved include the U.S. Congress, who passed the FDC Act with the FDA being responsible for enforcing the law, and Californias State Assembly, as they have pass ed the Cruelty-Free Cosmetics Act. Stakeholders in this issue will be affected both socially and economically by any policy made on animal testing for cosmetics. The stakeholders are cosmetics companies, as this will affect their business, especially the ones who have not already chosen to go cruelty-free. Animal rights activist groups are also stakeholders because they want to see cruelty-free laws passed in all states, especially in Congress, and also want to see Californias law succeed. This social problem is prevalent in the national, state, and local levels of government as they all have the power to pass laws and regulations regarding the use of animal testing in cosmetics. This social problem is in the policy formulation phase because various public policies are being drafted to replace the current laws under the FDC Act. The issue of animal testing has been around for centuries, with the more specific issue of animal testing in cosmetics being around since the mid-1900s. This has become a highly debated social problem, with policy proposals on both sides of the issue, but no significant progress has been made. In order to make an educated decision about the proper policy response, it is necessary to understand the depth of the social and economic impacts that each policy proposition for those for and against animal testing would have on society. Social Analysis Now that the social problem and public policy debate has been presented, it is fitting to conduct an analysis of the social implications of animal testing for cosmetics. Analyzing the issue of animal testing for cosmetics from a sociological perspective is very important because it allows the connections between individual people and the structures of society in which they live in to be evaluated. Applying both the Structural Functionalism Theory and the Conflict Theory is useful in gaining insight on the sociological implications of animal testing for cosmetics. It is also necessary to analyze the social costs and benefits of the policy recommendation on both sides of the issue. To begin a social analysis of animal testing for cosmetics, the Structural Functionalism theory can be applied. Structural Functionalism revolves around the idea of stability. Structural Functionalists view society as stable and well integrated with the social institutions and structures being what is keeping society running (Mckown, 2018). This means that each social institution plays a role in an individuals socialization and therefore has important contributions to society. Family provides a context for reproducing, nurturing, and socializing children; education offers a way to transmit a societys skills, knowledge, and culture to its youth; politics provides a means of governing members of society; economics provides for the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services; and religion provides moral guidance and an outlet for worship of a higher power (Schacht, Knox, and Mooney, 2007). One social institution in this scenario is the government, as the government is expected to pass laws and regulations in response to social problems, including on the safety of cosmetic products and the standard of testing required. Another social institution is the family and peer groups, as they play a major role in the environment that one grew up in and largely helped to shape the morals and values that an individual holds. This includes whether or not one thinks it is morally acceptable to test cosmetic products on animals (Shuppli and Ormandy, 2014). Viewing this social problem through social pathology, this issue is caused by a ?sickness in society, which is caused by issues within the social institutions that lead to improper socialization. In this case, the side that is against the use of animal testing may see the social problem as being caused by improper socialization by family and religion by making it seem as if animal testing is morally just. On the other side, those who are against animal testing for cosmetics may argue that the changing values in the younger generation is a ?sickness causing the increased arguments against animal testing for cosmetics. Viewing this as social disorganization, the macroeconomic viewpoint, rapid change in society is causing problems, which could lead to a state of anomie and a loss of social control (Mckown, 2018). A May 2013 Gallup poll found that 56% of Americans say medical testing on animals is morally acceptable (down from 65% in 2001), with 39% saying it is morally wrong (ProCon, 2016). This is likely due to the fact that younger Americans are less likely to support animal testing in general, which is leading to rapid change in societys viewpoints and causing the increase in the percentage of the public that is against animal testing. This social problem can be further analyzed through the application of the Conflict Theory. The Conflict Theory views society as being characterized by competition and inequality. Theorists believe that society is divided between the dominants (ones who have power) and subordinates (ones without power). The dominant generally want to maintain their power and privilege, either directly or indirectly (McKown, 2018). This applies to the issue of animal testing for cosmetics as the large cosmetic companies are the dominant group, as they have the money and power within the industry. Individual people against animal testing and the animals are a part of the subordinate group, as they have little power. For example, Este Lauder has an estimated 49.05 Billion dollar net worth and is a company that continues to test their products on animals (Macro Trends). Cosmetic companies in the US spend about 16 Billion dollars each year on animal testing, with Este Lauder contributing significantly to that value (Terrance, 2010). Cruelty Free International, the leading non-profit organization working to end animal experimentation, makes significantly less money than these major cosmetic companies like Este Lauder. The non-marxist approach says that social problems arise due to conflicting values and interests. In this scenario, the social problem of animal testing for cosmetics has arisen because the two sides have very different values: one side values cosmetic advancement and does not see the significance of using animals as test subjects, whereas the other side values animal rights and treating all living beings equally (Shatzman, 2018). These different values demonstrate the inequalities in the debate, as it is clear that the cosmetic companies have more power in their impact when compared to the activist groups against animal testing. Furthermore, the social costs and benefits of this social problem must be analyzed to fully understand the social implications of animal testing for cosmetics. If the United States Congress passed the Humane Cosmetics Act making animal testing for cosmetics illegal, the manifest social impacts would be that animals would no longer be used in cosmetic testing and the cosmetic industry would become a cruelty-free industry. However, the latent social impacts could be that individuals will no longer be able to purchase products that they have been using for a duration of time and love due to those products containing ingredients that were tested on animals (The Humane Society, 2015). On the other hand, if the United States Congress passed a law making animal testing for cosmetics legal, the manifest social impacts would be that the use of cosmetic animal testing would increase. However, the latent social impacts could be that the development of technological alternatives will decrease as their will become less of a push for the innovations (Katsnelson, 2013). In conclusion, thinking like a sociologist allows for the impact of animal testing for cosmetics to be better understood. First, it is important to understand the application of the Structural Functionalism Theory and and the impacts of the contributions of specific social structure/institutions on society. The Conflict Theory can also be applied, which analyzes the impact of competition and inequality within society between the dominant and subordinate groups. Lastly, the social costs and benefits should be examined in order to have a full understanding of the social implications on both sides of the problem. To further understand animal testing in the cosmetic industry and the best policy for addressing this social problem, it is also imperative that economic costs and benefits be analyzed.

An Overview of Solstices and Equinoxes

The June and December solstices mark the longest and shortest days of the year. The March and September equinoxes, meanwhile, mark the two days of each year when day and night are of equal length. June Solstice (Approximately June 20-21) The June solstice begins summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere. This day is the longest of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and the shortest of the year in the Southern Hemisphere. North Pole: The North Pole (90 degrees north latitude) receives 24 hours of daylight, as it has been daylight at the North Pole for the last three months (since the March Equinox). The sun is 66.5 degrees off the zenith or 23.5 degrees above the horizon.Arctic Circle: It is light 24 hours a day north of the Arctic Circle (66.5 degrees north) on the June solstice. The sun at noon is 43 degrees off the zenith.Tropic of Cancer: On the June Solstice the sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees north latitude) at noon.Equator: At the equator (zero degrees latitude), the day is always 12 hours long. At the equator, the sun rises daily at 6 a.m. local time and sets at 6 p.m. local time. The sun at noon at the equator is 23.5 degrees off the zenith.Tropic of Capricorn: In the Tropic of Capricorn, the sun is low in the sky, at 47 degrees from the zenith (23.5 plus 23.5).Antarctic Circle: At the Antarctic Circle (66.5 degrees south), the sun makes the briefest of appearances at noon, peeking at the horizon and then instantaneously disappearing. All areas south of the Antarctic Circle are dark on the June Solstice.South Pole: By June 21, it has been dark for three months at the South Pole (90 degrees south latitude). September Equinox (Approximately September 22-23) The September equinox marks the beginning of fall in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere. There are 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness at all points on the earth’s surface on the two equinoxes. Sunrise is at 6 a.m. and sunset is at 6 p.m. local (solar) time for most points on the earth’s surface. North Pole: The sun is on the horizon at the North Pole on the September equinox in the morning. The sun sets at the North Pole at noon on the September equinox and the North Pole remains dark until the March equinox.Arctic Circle: Experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. The sun is 66.5 degrees off the zenith or 23.5 degrees above the horizon.Tropic of Cancer: Experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. The sun is 23.5 degrees off the zenith.Equator: The sun is directly overhead the equator at noon on the equinox. On both equinoxes, the sun is directly over the equator at noon.Tropic of Capricorn: Experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. The sun is 23.5 degrees off the zenith.Antarctic Circle: Experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness.South Pole: The sun rises at the South Pole after the Pole has been dark for the past six months (since the March equinox). The sun rises to the horizon and it remains light at the Sout h Pole for six months. Each day, the sun appears to rotate around the South Pole at the same declination angle in the sky. December Solstice (Approximately December 21-22) The December solstice marks the beginning of summer in the Southern Hemisphere and is the longest day of the year in the Southern Hemisphere. It marks the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. North Pole: At the North Pole, it has been dark for three months (since the September equinox). It remains dark for another three (until the March equinox).Arctic Circle: The sun makes the briefest of appearances at noon, peeking at the horizon and then instantaneously disappearing. All areas north of the Arctic Circle are dark on the December solstice.Tropic of Cancer: The sun is low in the sky, at 47 degrees from the zenith (23.5 plus 23.5) at noon.Equator: The sun is 23.5 degrees from the zenith at noon.Tropic of Capricorn: The sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Capricorn on the December solstice.Antarctic Circle: It is light 24 hours a day south of the Antarctic Circle (66.5 degrees north) on the June solstice. The sun at noon is 47 off the zenith.South Pole: The South Pole (90 degrees south latitude) receives 24 hours of daylight, as it has been daylight at the South Pole for the last three months (since the September equinox). The sun is 66.5 degrees off the zenith or 23.5 degrees above the horizon. It will remain light at the South Pole for another three months. March Equinox (Approximately March 20-21) The March equinox marks the beginning of fall in the Southern Hemisphere and spring in the Northern Hemisphere. There are 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness at all points on the earth’s surface during the two equinoxes. Sunrise is at 6 a.m. and sunset is at 6 p.m. local (solar) time for most points on the earth’s surface. North Pole: The sun is on the horizon at the North Pole on the March equinox. The sun rises at the North Pole at noon to the horizon on the March equinox and the North Pole remains light until the September equinox.Arctic Circle: Experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. The sun is 66.5 off the zenith and low in the sky at 23.5 degrees above the horizon.Tropic of Cancer: Experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. The sun is 23.5 degrees off the zenith.Equator: The sun is directly overhead the equator at noon on the equinox. During both equinoxes, the sun is directly over the equator at noon.Tropic of Capricorn: Experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. The sun is 23.5 degrees off the zenith.Antarctic Circle: Experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness.South Pole: The sun sets at the South Pole at noon after the Pole has been light for the past six months (since the September equinox). The day begins on the horizon in the morning and by the end of the day, the sun has set.

The Religious Place Of Worship I Attended - 1397 Words

Identification: The religious place of worship I attended was a Jewish institution. The denomination was a reform Jewish Synagogue, and the name of the place of worship was called Temple Israel and is located at 2310 Virginia Drive, Ottawa, Ontario Canada, K2C 1N2. I attended the Saturday Shabbat service on September 26, 2015 at 10:15am and ran till 11:45. As people entered in Temple Israel they hand them a prayer book called Mishkan T’filah, and sheet that says â€Å"Ten Commandments Of Synagogue Etiquette† the ten commandments follows â€Å"1. Respect the Sanctuary as a place of prayer, reflection and joyous worship, 2. Be respectful in your behaviour and dress, 3. Join us in prayer and not in side conversations, 4. Treat the Siddurim with respect, 5. No cell phones or PDA’s use in the sanctuary, 6. No texting during the service, 7. No photography, 8. No eating, drinking, or gum chewing in the sanctuary, 9. Wish your neighbor Shabbat Shalom, 10. Have a joyous Shabbat. 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Diabetes Is The Most Common Form Of Diabetes - 1723 Words

August, 28th, 2014 Diabetes in the United States Introduction Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes which affects 90% to 95% of the population. In the United States, approximately 1.7 million new cases of diabetes were identified in 2012 and the disease affects 29 million Americans or 9.3 percent of the population (Statistics About Diabetes, 2014). In 2012, the total financial burden of diabetes was estimated to be $245 billion which included $176 billion in direct medical costs and $69 billion in reduced productivity (American Diabetes Association, 2013). Those who have type 2 diabetes are unable to control insulin levels resulting in a condition called insulin resistance. In the first stages of the disease your body†¦show more content†¦Additionally, obesity rates are also rising among children and adolescents, especially those who are Hispanic. In the early 1990s, for example, 23 percent of white girls aged six to 11 were overweight as compared to 29 percent of Mexican-American girls. Poor compliance with exercis e and a Western diet that is high in fat and sugars, but low in fiber is an obvious factor contributing to obesity and the high rates of diabetes among the population (Statistics, 1999). Another risk factor contributing to the high prevalence of diabetes is socioeconomic disparity. In general, racial minorities are disproportionately poor, undereducated and lack health insurance. According to the National Center for Health Statistics, the poor and undereducated die younger and suffer more health problems than people with greater wealth status and education. The poor typically live in substandard housing or in low-income neighborhoods with plentiful fast-food restaurants, but few grocery stores that carry healthy foods, resulting in higher rates of obesity. In urban neighborhoods, a lack of sidewalks and crime-free parks also may discourage the daily physical activity needed for a healthy lifestyle. Because of this inequity non-whites live an average of five fewer years than whites, and diabetes is a major contributor to that statistic.

Questions on Milk Markets, Prices, and Price Setting

Supply and demand: Markets, Prices and price setting 1. Explain what happens to price and quantity of milk when the following events occur: a. More people start eating cereal for breakfast. The assumption is that if more people start eating cereal for breakfast, the demand for milk will rise because people use milk on their cereal. There are substitutes for milk, including soy milk, almond milk, and other milk-like products. In addition, some people eat cereal without milk, wetting it with another substance or simply eating it dry. For example, granola-based cereals are often consumed like trail mix, rather than in the traditional bowl-of-milk format. Therefore, there may not be a one-to-one correlation between increased cereal consumption and increased milk consumption. However, if cereal consumption increases and the consumption has the same pattern as current cereal consumption, then milk consumption will increase. This is will increase demand. 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Childcare and Education Unit 4 Free Essays

string(80) " devised pieces of equipment that encourage children to develop certain skills\." child Unit 4 – Assignment| Michelle Pieh| | Children Play| | Rebecca Myring| 11/16/2009| | Introduction Play is the main way in which children learn and therefore play affects all aspects of a child’s development. Valuing children’s play: Props should be encouraged. Allow the use of their own experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Childcare and Education Unit 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Own interests. Playing on their own should be encouraged. Work in a way that suits them. Adult encouragement to be engagement. Play as a way of communication. Recreate familiar themes. Transport resources to where they wish. Learn best when they are enjoying themselves. Allow for time and space. Facts about play: Through play children learn about their world. Play is considered to be a primary need of children. The stages of play change as a child grows older. The characteristics of play change as different stages of development are reached. All children go through the stages of play as they grow develop. Children develop at different rates therefore some children may take longer to go through a particular stage. D1/D7) Setting 1 – Zoo adventure play area Setting 2 – Park Setting 3 – Beach Setting 1 – A zoo adventure play area is an enclosed area containing play equipment. D7) It has wheel chair, pushchair/pram access. It has a variety of facilities ranging from a cafe with outdoor seating area for adults to sit and watch their children play to toilet facilities for all. In the play area there is specialised staff for children that have disabilities so they can help them join in with any games that are going on. The play area where the children can play has a safe outside area where children can play without parents worrying about the children getting hurt. The area is animal themed and the toys outside are animal shaped and patterned such as a swing in the shape of a lions mane and is yellow and orange to show it is a lions mane. A slide is in the shape of a zebra’s tongue the top of the steps is the head and the handles are the mouth opened wide and the slide is the tongue. Setting 2 – A park is an enclosed area where children can play without parents having to worry about their child going out of the park onto a street near a main road. There may be different parts in the park that are specially designed for each age range. For example: Babies/small children there may be a soft play area, bucket swings that a child can be harnessed into, small low sit on toys and a small slide. Aged 6 -10 children there may be a bigger slide, seesaw, roundabout, swings, small trampolines, climbing frames and tyre swings. Teenagers there may be basketball courts, tennis courts, football nets, running track, climbing wall/ abseiling wall, golf course, wire swings, zip wire, a weather pitch for all sports and a big trampoline that has a net around it to keep them safe whilst jumping. Setting 3 – The beach is a large area containing sand and water. The children like making sand castles. They also like feeling the different textures e. g. Water and sand mixed together. The children also have a chance to have a donkey ride. D7) There are also ramps for access for wheel chairs, push chairs/ prams. On the beach there needs to be parental supervision. D2) Age range for zoo – between 18-24 months to 16years Stage of play for the zoo is spectator aged between 18 months – 24months to 4 years and co – operative play for aged 4+ children. Age range for park – 2 years to 16 years Stage of play for the park is spectator 24 months to 4 years and co –operative for aged 4+ children. Age range for beach – 2 years to 16years Stage of play is spectator 24 months to 4 years and co –operative for aged 4+ children. Co – operative play is where children play together with shared goals. Play can be quite complicated and children are supportive. D3) The type of play that goes on is: Zoo – physical play Park – pretend play Beach – discovery play Zoo – At the zoo children would be involved in physical play. They would do this by finding different equipment to play on. Using all the different equipment they would exercising which would form their muscles, stamina, balance and Co-ordination. (Tassoni P, Hucker K, 2005, Pg 163) Park – At the park they would find different equipment to play on. They would pretend to act out things and pretend that they are other people. This will enable children to use their imagination and develop their own imaginative ideas. (Walker M, Beaver, M Brewster, J Neaum, S and Tallack, J 2008 Page 195) Beach – They would discover sand and water. They would also discover mixing sand and water. They may find shells, crabs, star fish and jelly fish. D4) Zoo is physical play – An example of a zoo play area would be playing on the monkey bars which would be developing their gross motor skills. This will develop whole body and limb movements, co-ordination and balance. Walker M, Beaver, M Brewster, J Neaum, S and Tallack, J 2008 page 194) Park is pretend play – An example of pretend play at a local park would be a child playing on a climbing frame that has a wheel on it and they are pretending it is a ship/boat, aeroplane/helicopter. Beach is discovery play – An example of a beach would be discovering different shells, sea life, boats, and textures of sand by building sand castles. Mixing sand and water together to make sand pies. Developing knowledge and understanding of the world. D5) Beach discovery play and Maria Montessori theory. The main points of Maria Montessori’s theory are: Children pass through particular development stages. This is the essential for the child to be able to learn. * Montessori developed a structured education programmed based on these stages, including a number of specially devised pieces of equipment that encourage children to develop certain skills. You read "Childcare and Education Unit 4" in category "Papers" * Limited emphasis is placed on counting, reading and writing these will follow once the basic social and emotional development has taken place. * A Childs natural will to learn should be encouraged to foster a lifelong motivation for learning. * Children should be encouraged to work alone. Montessori felt the best learning occurred when children were focused, silent and completely absorbed in a task. * Montessori did not believe in free play and did not encourage children to develop their own ideas –play needed to have a learning focus. (Garhart M C, 2000, Pg 21-37) Maria Montessori believed that children learn by doing practical activities and by playing outdoors. D6) Setting 1 – zoo adventure play area * In the adventure play area with children aged 18-24 months to 16 years, an obstacle course could be arranged to include either a route over a high climbing frame or a lower route through it. The risks would be bumping into others, slipping and falling. I have chosen this activity as it will allow children to understand risks e. g. heights, bumping of the body parts. The challenge would be learning their limitations. Setting 2 – park In the park with children aged 2 years to 16 years, a park play area could be set up in the shape of a trim trail to include a variety of apparatus that provide challenges. The risks would be bumping into others, slipping and falling. The risks that the children will learn to understand are bumping into other children, slipping on play equipment and falling off of play equipment. The challenge that they might have to overcome is to see how high they can swing on a swing whilst feeling comfortable. Setting 3 – beach On the beach with children aged 2 years to 16 years, provide activities e. g. digging and making sand castles which challenges them to be sensible when handling the sand. The risk would be getting sand in their/other people’s eyes, risk of drowning in the sea, risk of being bitten by crabs and getting stung by jelly fish. The risks could be getting sand in their eyes, getting bitten by animals and drowning in the water. The challenge they will have to vercome is learning about what can happen if they touch certain animals. C1/D7) Setting 1 – zoo adventure playground Challenge and risk activity chosen in (D6) was obstacle course. Resources that would be used: * Climbing frame with monkey bars, lower and higher side. * Tunnels. * Under and over bars. Health and safety equipment: * Safe area. * Helmet. * Knee pads and elbow pads. * Safety mats, non slip floor. * Supervision. * Appropriate footwear, clothing. These resources have been chosen because: For children’s own welfare and safety. They allow children to achieve the learning outcomes that have been planned for. They meet individual children’s needs- D7. Provides different levels of play for age range and ability. Setting 2 – park Challenge and risk activity chosen in (D6) was trim trail. Resources that would be used: * Apparatus e. g. swings, balance walking logs, climbing nets, tyres, swinging logs. Health and safety equipment: * Safe area. * Knee pads, elbow pads. * Helmet. * Supervision. * Appropriate footwear and clothes These resources have been chosen because: For children’s own welfare and safety. They are appropriate to age range and stage of development of the children. They meet individual children’s needs – D7. Setting 3 – Beach Challenge and risk chosen in (D6) was digging sandcastles. Resources that would be used: * Spade. * Bucket. Health and safety: * Clean area. * Safe area. * Goggles. * Supervision from parent’s/carers. These resources have been chosen because: Encourages exploration. Encourages open minded play. They meet individual needs – D7. B1) Giving children activities that challenge them and make them understand risks by: Build’s up resilience as they become more aware of challenges that they will experience in the future and it will help them to become more comfortable, confident when faced with the kind of challenge. Bruce D. Perry M. D. Ph. D Professor of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences). Develops an awareness of potential hazards. Younger children’s awareness of hazards is further raised through staff’s gentle reminders, for example, prior to activities, such as cooking. Children benefit from ind ividual towels and soap dispensers, which reduce the risk of cross? infection. To, ensure that the risk of potential hazards is minimised. Children also develop confidence and self-esteem because staffs build positive, trusting relationships with them. (Ofsted Creche report) Prevents boredom. As young children don’t understand time the way grown-ups do but boredom is not always a bad thing, it can also get children thinking creatively and can pay to take a more active role in preventing boredom. (Sanders, M. R. ; Christenson, A. P. (1985). Pg’s 13, 101-117). Builds confidence. As they do the activities again again they will have confidence in doing the activity as they will know how to do it. Potential learning opportunity such as they learn that you have to follow instructions to get to the end product. Provides mental stimulation. E. g. helps children to function for longer. Maria Montessori developed a method for young children, which was rooted in the senses and involves manipulating everyday objects and following highly structured activities that engage children but rarely allow them to fail. Develops essential life skills. E. g. money, telling the time, addition/subtraction and measurements etc. Activities that provide children with a challenge and risks: Climbing frame – know their own limitations but not put off but to overcome it and be determine. Hopefully next time they won’t climb as high and only go half way so they learn from previous times. B2) Adult led sessions are often used to introduce children to exploration and investigation through play. This helps them to develop their own play agenda and ideas. Children appreciate adults who help to keep their play flowing as long as they don’t take over. How they would do this? Exploration: Involve them in activities. E. g. Building Sandcastles, Finding sea shells and stones. Encourage them to learn about new things. For example colours, numbers and letters. Plan activities that relate to children’s experiences. E. g. Places were on holiday. Encourage activities that encourage exploration. E. g. Making ice or jelly. Offer a variety of activities. E. g. collage making, beading or outdoor play. How they would do this for investigation: Provide equipment. E. g. Bucket and spade or binoculars and magnifying glass. Provide plenty of time. To allow children to finish the activity so they get the whole potential. Present activities that allow solving problems e. g. floating and sinking. Allow the children to work together. So they can work as a team member and listen to other children’s ideas and try to solve things together. Introduce new subjects and topics. To help develop further knowledge. A1) Name of theorist wrote about in D5 was Maria Montessori. Maria’s main ideas and theories are: Children pass through particular developmental stages. This is essential for the child to be able to learn. Montessori developed a structured education programme based on these stages including a number of specially developed pieces of equipment that encourage children to develop certain skills. Limited emphasis is placed on counting reading and writing. Children should be encouraged to work alone. To encourage confidence in what they think. Montessori did not believe in free play and did not encourage children to develop their own ideas. Influences on today’s practice: There are many Montessori schools throughout Europe usually privately run. The method promotes a carefully planned environment that neither allows children total freedom nor imposes activities on them. Some nurseries follow the plan completely and purchase Montessori equipment and use her theories with a flexible programme. (Garhart M C, (2000) Page 21-37) What difference (if any) might there be if the adult was aware of this theory? If the adult was aware of the theory the adult would be aware of discovery play and be able to plan activities in more depth. They will also be aware of the benefits of discovery play. How do you think the theory will affect an adults understanding of children’s play? They might think that something that the child is playing is not discovery. So this might not give the children as many opportunities. A*) The role of the adult in providing activities and supporting children’s play is to provide relevant resources to enable children to do specific activities e. g. ard making needs – card, glue, sticking things/materials. An adult also sets out a play area for the children to play in. Adults make suggestions to widen the children’s knowledge and to support them when playing. Adults should also ask the children questions to develop their understanding. The adult considers the children’s needs e. g. provide activities for different levels of needs â€⠀œ (D7). I had no idea that there was so much to play. I had no idea that there was a lot of planning towards play and how play was actually structured rather than just giving a child a toy and telling them to play. I am now more confident in advising children when they are playing. I am now in a better position as I would be able to extend opportunities by asking the child questions. I have learned all the different stages and types of play. The types of play are:| The stages of play are| Creative play. | Solitary aged 0-2 years. | Pretend play. | Spectator aged 2-2 and a half years. | Physical play. | Parallel aged 2 and a half – 3 years. | Manipulation play. | Associative – 3 – 4 years. | Discovery play. | Co – operative aged 4+ years. | Bibliography websites used www. teachingexpertise. com http://nationalstrategies. standards. dcsf. gov. uk www. ofsted. gov. uk Www. raisingchildren. net. au Bibliography books used Tassoni P, Hucker K (2005) Planning Play and the Early Years 2nd Edition. Oxford – Heinemann (Page 163) Walker, M Beaver, M Brewster, J Neaum, S and Tallack, J (2008) Child care and Education CACHE Level 2 Cheltenham; Nelson Thornes LTD (Page 195) Garhart M C, (2000) Theories of childhood—an introduction to Dewey, Montessori, Erickson, Piaget and Vygestsky. Redleaf Press – Yorkton (Page 21-37) Sanders, M. R. ; Christenson, A. P. (1985). A comparison of the effects of child management and planned activities training across five parenting environments. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Pages 13, 101-117. Professional People Bruce D. Perry, M. D. , Ph. D. , is the Thomas S. Trammell Research Professor of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine; and Chief of Psychiatry, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas. How to cite Childcare and Education Unit 4, Papers

Healthcare Administration

Questions: 1. Fully describe what the Common Law is?2. Explain the concept of "forseeability".3. What is ERISA and how does it affect health insurance? 4. Explain two proposals for Tort Reform. Answers: 1. Common law: The common law is a court decision that may change over time. The health care industry is one of the huge industries in the US. The health care law can affect those people who provide, receive and pay for, regulate the health care services. The law is consisted by the rules. The local people in the society must abide these rules. The Common law is derived from the judicial decisions. It is a judge-made-law. The common law was created when the judiciary process interprets previous legal decisions with respect to a case. It suggests to laws, which depend on the society and principle of the culture. These principles are used in the court cases. In the United States, common laws are used to guarantee parallel outcome for the same cases. The higher court could make a decision on a case and the lower court must follow that verdict. If the court finds a case different from previous cases heard by other courts, its verdict is likely to build precedent for future cases on that topic. The term common law was first coined in the 12th century during the supremacy of Henry II of England. The newly formed common states of America followed their personal forms of common law, detach from the other federal law. The federal courts of the country use the common law when deciding federal cases. In some cases, federal court might hear a case under the state law. If the court ordain a case to be fundamentally dissimilar from previous cases heard by other courts, its verdict is likely to make precedent for future cases on that topic. In the United States, the Supreme Court rules on the common law in assortment cases. The common law can be diff erentiated into two parts such as pure common law and interstitial common law. The pure common law arises from the traditional and implicit authority of court. On the other hand, interstitial common law consists with the judicial interpretation of the constitution. Therefore, the basic purpose of the common law is to establish different facts such as locate related status, past cases that appertain. 2. Foreseeability Concept of Foreseeability: the foreseeability suggests the proximate cause in the law of negligence. The proximate cause might involve the primary cause of the injury to any individual. It is a concept used in tort law. Foreseeability is primarily used to limit the liability of a party to his act that might create a risk of foreseeable harm to any individual in the society. It indicates that individual can understand the effect of the harm caused by a party in the society. Under the negligence law, it has been clearly said that the every individual should perform his or her act properly to avoid the harmful effect. It could facilitate to reduce the risk of the injury to any individual in the society. Most of the time, foreseeability causes the physical injury to the person. In the contract law, the concept of foreseeability is used to prevent the consequential damages to those cases that are predictable. It is the leading choice to determine the proximate cause. The law restricts the scope of accountability based on the type of damage and the mode of the impairment. However, it does not include the extent of the injury. It can be explained such as unforeseeable type of harm and unforeseeable manner of harm. In unforeseeable type of damage, an individual who cause grievance to other person is not liable if the category of injury is not created by applying force. It is under the negligence act. On the other hand, unforeseeable way of harm occurs when an individual cause injury to another person is not legally responsible for a superseding cause. 3. ERISA and its effects on Health insurance The federal law suggests The Employee Retirement Income Security act of 1974. It sets least standard of most voluntarily established pension and the health plans in the private industry. The prime role of this law is to provide the protection for individuals in the society. It requires the plan for providing the plan information to the participants about plan features and funding. ERISA also grant fiduciary liability for the people who control and manage the plan assets. It requires a plan to set up a objection. ERISA appeals procedure for the participants to get benefits from their individual plan. The law provides rights to the participants to appeal for reimbursement and breaches of fiduciary responsibility. There have been number of amendments to the ERISA act. It expands the protection to health benefits plan for participants and beneficiaries. One of the important amendments is the Consolidated Omnibus budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA). It allows some workers and their family t o get the right for continuing their health coverage for a limited time after certain events. A further important amendment is the Health insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) that provides new protection for the working Americans and their families. However, ERISA does not provide the group health plan. States can indirectly regulate the healthcare plans, which provide the benefits through insurance contracts. It also raises money by imposing premium taxes. However, they cannot do the same thing with self-funded plans. State regulation of the employee benefits can cause three problems such as cost of taxes, cost of dealing with substantive and the cost of identifying. As per the law, the court decided that any individual could not recover any damages as he has suffered by wrongful denial. Moreover, it does not cover punitive damages. Therefore, it can be assessed that over the years, ERISA has become less employee friendly. 4. Tort reform proposal 1st proposal Most of the people do not know whether they are applicable for claiming the benefits. Moreover, they do not aware of their protection. The temporarily disabled people want their medical bills and other injury related expenses. The tort system actually delayed the system of providing benefits to the victim. In case of high amount, the tort system takes long time to investigate the incident and after that, the victim gets the benefit. Therefore, it is a lengthy process. It is proposed to implicate trade-off that would reduce nearly all short-term disability cases from the tort system. However, the trade-off would be a difficult task, as it would be based on the typical arrangements that many employee already have. 2nd proposal Many people cannot work due to their disability. It makes them deprived of doing normal activity in daily life. Many people have been suffering from serious and permanent impairment or disfigurement. Therefore, it is proposed to reshaping the tort law so that those people could easily get the compensation. Through the engagement of reshaping the compensation system, the tort system could provide better support to the victims. The modern compensation must be incorporate in each department of the tort system. Once again, a trade is proposed to make victims and defendants better off. In the modern compensation policy, the victims should not provide the large amount of their benefit to the lawyers. Therefore, the tort defendants are required to pay successful tort plaintiffs reasonable legal fees. On the contrary, many victims do not bother about the benefits of the tort system and they sort out the issues by their own. This system must be changed.

The Family Name free essay sample

The day I was born, my mother was a bit uncertain of choosing my name. She always tells me the story of how I was named Amy after a character in her (and my) favorite book, Little Women. It is also made clear to me that I was named Catherine after my mother, who has the greatest impact on my life. My mom was a smart young woman with many missed opportunities for starters, her chances for college were slim because she and my father started a family early; I was born about a year after she finished high school. She received an Associate Degree in Science a few years ago and has a good job with the government. Before that, my mom juggled two small children, a job, and tried to keep a somewhat rocky marriage together. During my whole life, she has constantly reminded me of the love we share. We will write a custom essay sample on The Family Name or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A couple of years ago, as every parent does, my mom got a little teary-eyed when she began to realize I was becoming a young woman, as she once was. She began to tell me, between sobs, that she named me Catherine so that one day I could grow up and be everything she always hoped to be. She looked at me and said, You are so much smarter than I ever was, and I dont ever want to see you waste it. I am so proud of my little girl. After these thoughts settled in my mind, I realized all the potential I have. My mom was my extra little push that helped me discover my goals, and how badly I want to carry them out; not only for me, but for her. I want to continue to make her proud, just as she makes me proud. When I was little, my mom used to say Whats your name? and Id say, Amy. Shed then say, Amy what? Of course, Id reply, Amy Powell It was then that she would say, Thats right. But whats the most important part? I would look at her and grin. Catherines the important part, Mom!

Wrong Pov Narrative Essay Sample - An Insight Into How This Works

Wrong Pov Narrative Essay Sample - An Insight Into How This WorksYou can actually use wrong Pov Narrative Essay Sample for writing a good written thesis. It may sound unbelievable but you can actually write an essay by just following the wrong POV narrative essay sample. Let me explain. Here's the procedure.You know that in order to make your thesis successful, you have to go back to the basic lessons that you learned from your personal experiences. That's why I am recommending this technique to you. Why is it so important? Because when you are following a wrong Pov narrative essay sample, you will be missing the essential points that really matter in your studies.Let's first look at your personal experience and see what you can do about it. What you need to do is find out why you are having such problems. There are three ways to do this. By finding out the reasons why you are having difficulties, you will be able to reach the right decision.The reason why you feel POV is that you si mply failed to stay close to the truth, especially to the truth about your problem. If you took another perspective on the situation, you would be able to deal with the problem instead of the other way around. After all, no one likes to be labeled as a liar, right?After you have studied your personal experience, you need to compile all of your questions and then find a reasonable answer. Once you have formulated the answer, then it is time to address the main ideas that you need to emphasize. Be sure to state it clearly so that readers will know that you have explained yourself correctly.It is also important to say something about your opinion or viewpoint on Pov. After all, everyone has their own opinion.Following correct Pov narrative essay samples will really help you write a good written thesis. So start right now by reading this article.

How to Study History Terms for a Test

How to Study History Terms for a Test When you study terms and definitions for a history exam, the best way to make the information stick is to understand your terms in context or understand how each new vocabulary word relates to other new words and facts. In high school, your teachers will cover what happened in history. As you move on to college history courses, you will be expected to know why an event happened and the reasons each event is important. This is why history tests contain so many essays or long-answer questions. You have a lot of explaining to do! Gather History Terms Sometimes a teacher will give students a study guide that contains a list of possible terms for the test. More often than not, the list will be long and intimidating. Some of the words may seem brand new to you! If the teacher doesnt provide a list, you should come up with one yourself. Go through your notes and the chapters to come up with a comprehensive list. Dont be overwhelmed by a long list of terms. Youll see that they quickly become familiar once you start to review your notes. The list will seem shorter and shorter as you study. First, youll need to locate the terms in your class notes. Underline them or circle them, but dont use a colored highlighter just yet. Review your notes and see which terms appeared on the same day or lecture. Establish relationships between the terms. How are they connected?Pretend that you are writing a news report on the event or topic  and write a paragraph that contains three or four of those terms. Your paragraph should contain a date and the names of any important person who might be related to the significance of the events or terms (like a president).Keep writing paragraphs until you use up your terms. You can re-use a term if one term fits well with two or more clumps. This is a good thing! The more you repeat a term, the more youll understand its significance. Once you have finished making and reading over your paragraphs, find a way to utilize your best learning style. Study Tips Visual: Go back to your notes and use a highlighter to connect your terms. For example, highlight each term in one paragraph green, highlight terms from another paragraph yellow, etc. Make a list of significant people and places for each event situated on the timeline. Then  draw a blank timeline and fill in the details without looking at your original. See how much material you retained. Also, try  putting the timeline on post-it notes and paste them around your room. Walk around and actively note each event. Keep in mind that its not useful to memorize a large catalog of notes on a topic. Rather, its more effective to  establish a  connection between the facts.  Think about events in a  logical order to help you understand them, and consider the use of mind maps, a hierarchical diagram used to visually organize information. Auditory: Find a recording device to record yourself as you read over each paragraph slowly. Listen to your recording several times. Tactile: Make flashcards by putting all the terms on one side of a card and the entire paragraph on the flip side. Or  put a question on one side (eg, What year did the Civil War take place?) and then the answer on the other side to test yourself. Repeat your process until every term seems completely familiar to you. Youll be ready to answer individual definitions, long and short answer questions, and essay questions!

WASHINGTON Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning

WASHINGTON Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning The Washington surname is believed to have originated with the English place name Washington, the name of a parish in Durham, five miles from Gateshead, and also of a parish in Sussex, ten miles from Shoreham. The original bearer of this surname could, therefore, have hailed from either of these places. The Washington place name itself is derived from the Old English personal name wassa, which means hunting, combined with the locative suffix -thn, meaning settlement, homestead. Another possible origin for the place name comes from weis, meaning wash, or the shallow part of a river, plus ing, or a meadow or low ground, and ton, for dun, a hill or town.  Thus the place name Washington could have been used to describe a town located on a wash or creek. Alternate Surname Spellings:  WASHINTON, WASSINGTON, WASSINGETON Surname Origin: English Where the Washington Surname Is Found According to  WorldNames public profiler, the Washington surname is most popular in the United States, especially in the District of Columbia, followed by Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Alabama. Outside of the U.S., the largest numbers of individuals as a percentage of the total population are found in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom (most particularly in England). Famous People with the Washington Surname Booker T. Washington - educator and civil rights activistDenzel Washington - American film actorKenny Washington -  one of two black athletes to reintegrate the NFL in 1946 Genealogy Resources for the Surname WASHINGTON Meanings of Common English Surnames: Uncover the meaning of your English last name with this free guide to English surname meanings and origins for the most common English surnames.Washington: the Blackest Name in America: Huffington Post article discussion statistics from the 2000 U.S. census which points to 90% percent of individuals with the Washington surname identifying as African-American, a much higher percentage than with other common last names.Washington Surname DNA Project: The Washington Surname DNA Project originally began as a means for two different Washington family lines to try and determine if they were related through Y-DNA testing. Since that time, additional Washington families have joined the project.  WASHINGTON Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on descendants of Washington ancestors around the world.FamilySearch - WASHINGTON Genealogy: Search or browse for free access to 1.6 million digitized records and lineage-linked family trees f or the Washington surname on FamilySearch.org, the website of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. WASHINGTON Surname Mailing List: Free mailing list for researchers of the Washington surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages.DistantCousin.com - WASHINGTON Genealogy Family History: Free databases and genealogy links for the last name Washington.The Washington Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Washington surname from the website of Genealogy Today.Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name MeaningsCant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. References Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.